中国民主政治发展的历史考察及其启示

中国人民追求民主政治的道路漫长，艰辛而又是异常曲折，无数有识之士在这条道路上前赴后继，流血牺牲。直到中国共产党把马列主义与中国现实结合起来，创建了一种有中国特色、符合中国发展的民主政治，中国的民主革命才圆满的画上了句号。回顾中国民主政治的发展历程有许多宝贵的经验和教训值得记取。     

上海地区商品代蛋鸡J亚群禽白血病的病理学观察

对上海地区2个规模化商品蛋鸡场疑似禽白血病病例进行了组织病理学观察和ELISA检测,发现发病鸡群中血管瘤占50%,纤维肉瘤占37.5%,髓细胞瘤占12.5%,J亚群禽白血病的血清抗体阳性率分别达25%和15%。血管瘤主要见于脚部和翅膀,组织病理学观察表明为海绵状血管瘤,纤维肉瘤主要见于肌肉组织内,对弥漫性肝、脾肿大的病例观察表明肿瘤组织为髓细胞瘤。证实该鸡群感染了J亚群禽白血病病毒,并表现为以髓细胞瘤、血管瘤和纤维肉瘤为主的多种肿瘤性传染病。     

Decision-Making in court: Observing the sentencing of men and women

Abstract

Using systematic observation together with an analysis of the relevant court and criminal records this research examined the processing and sentencing of a small number of male and female defendants in an English magistrates' court. The findings indicate that sentencing was indirectly affected by a defendant's sex and directly affected by at least one aspect of a defendant's demeanour. These results provide support for the view that combining systematic observation with an analysis of court records offers a more effective means of investigating the differential treatment of male and female defendants than either unsystematic observational studies or the analysis of court records alone.     

日本少年司法制度及其借鉴

日本的少年司法制度建立在其《少年法》的基础之上。日本的《少年法》集实体法、程序法、行政福利法、刑事法为一体,秉承着保护未成年人的理念,充分考虑到未成年人的身心特点,尊重其作为权利主体之人格,系统、全面地规定了保护、教育他们的原则和办法。在健全的少年司法制度的引领下,日本社会一直处于少年违法犯罪率较低的水平,其在未成年人保护和治理少年非行方面堪称世界楷模,值得中国借鉴。中国自20世纪80年代中期以来在未成年人司法保护领域作了一些努力和尝试,取得了较大进步,但和世界水平相比,仍有巨大差距,理应奋起直追。世界各国少年法一般称调整对象为＂少年＂,但也有称为＂未成年人＂、＂青少年＂或＂儿童＂的,含义均为同一。本文中的少年和未成年人是指相同的概念。     

The Impact of Child‐Parent Psychotherapy on Child Dependency Court Outcomes

Although parental compliance with court orders in child welfare cases is key to achieving physical parent‐child reunification and successful case closure, little research has examined how parent‐child relationship‐focused rehabilitative services uniquely influence case outcomes. This project fills this gap by investigating links between court ordering of and parental participation in Child‐Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) with court outcomes. Data were obtained from court records of 448 court‐involved parents. Hierarchical regressions revealed that greater participation in CPP led to reunification and successful case closure but not faster case closure. Courtroom professionals should consider parent‐child relationship‐based therapies as tools for achieving child welfare goals.     

男炎消对大鼠实验性前列腺炎影响的病理学观察

目的 :观察男炎消对大鼠实验性前列腺炎的组织病理学影响。方法 :采用向大鼠前列腺组织内注入角叉菜胶的方法复制大鼠前列腺炎模型 ,并分别对模型组及口服男炎消冲剂后的大鼠组进行前列腺组织病理学检查。结果 :口服男炎消冲剂后的大鼠前列腺湿质量均比模型组明显要轻 ,两者比较有统计学差异 (P <0 .0 5) ,且镜下炎症改变亦比模型组明显轻。结论 :口服男炎消冲剂对角叉菜胶所致大鼠实验性前列腺炎具有较好的抑制炎症发生作用。     

Labeled clanization: the social structure of a Third Line enterprise*

This work focuses on the Third Line workers, who were secretly located in the remote mountain areas and fully untapped in the studies of Chinese labor politics. In this study, I show that the Third Line workers mainly originate from three different groups: the transferred workers, the returned educated youths, and the demobilized soldiers. These three origins served as different labels signifying the characteristics that each group had in common. In the workers’ quotidian interactions, these labels were meaningfully and closely associated with the workers’ occupational opportunities in the factory and shape their mutual perceptions and attitudes toward one another. As a result, the high degree of isolation gradually shaped the social structure of the Third Line workers toward a model of ‘labeled clanization.’ In the light of this unique social structure, I further argue that the widely accepted organizational dependency of Chinese urban danwei system needs to be reconsidered.     

Governance of a public sector joint venture: the control challenges of dominated owners

Local governments increasingly choose to provide a wide range of services through cooperation with other local governments. Providing complex services through intergovernmental units creates collaboration risks and collective action dilemmas that need to be mitigated. Based on a longitudinal case study, an investigation is made into the dynamic processes in the governance of a public sector joint venture (JV) and the control challenges of dominated owners. The findings illustrate that the approach to mitigating collective action dilemmas is far less rational than that prescribed by the normative literature, resulting in control challenges at later stages in the relationship. Limitations in the assessment of collaboration risks are explained by drawing on resource dependence theory (RDT) arguments. Dynamic processes in the JV relationship create the need to adjust the governance system. However, adaptability is constrained by power asymmetry and control complexity.     

Perception of the relations between former colonial powers and developing countries

People register and process stimuli every day, creating an image of space–time reality involving multifaceted relations between various states. The authors have created a database consisting of articles from the periodical Le Monde diplomatique from 1954 to 2009. This paper focuses on investigating how strong relations are between former colonial powers and developing countries. The authors present an index showing the frequency of coincidence of opinion-shaping content in articles about one of the selected world powers and a developing country; they next establish a quantitative reference to dependency and world-systems theories.