The Woman Victim in a Country in Crisis: A Reading of Tagwira's The Uncertainty of Hope

The article is based on my reading of Valerie Tagwira’s The Uncertainty of Hope as a feminist text that portrays female victimhood in the context of a failing postcolonial state. Tagwira writes about the experiences of a woman against the background of Murambatsvina, officially termed ‘‘Operation Clean Up.’’ The Zimbabwean Operation Clean Up of 2005 was condemned worldwide; and in her novel, Tagwira gives an often-ignored dimension of a woman’s experience of it, in the general context of a country facing serious political, economic and social challenges. For Tagwira, the challenges faced by Onai, as well as those around her, do not have links to their racial identities. Thus, Tagwira redefines the enemyvictim trope of the Third Chimurenga by subverting the state’s interpretation of the struggle discourse of the Third Chimurenga. In the state’s discourse, the victim trope is racial, the state enemy is the former colonial master (in support of the opposition political party) and the victim is the previously colonised black. In my analysis, I have used Susan Wendell’s theory on oppression and victimisation as contained in her article Oppression and Victimization: Choice and Responsibility (1990).     

‘No place like home': experiences of an Ethiopian migrant in the host country and as a returnee to the homeland

ABSTRACT

Using an in-depth interview with an Ethiopian returnee who lived abroad for 17 years, this study examined both integration and reintegration experiences. For this returnee, the experience of migration was psychologically costly. Challenges in the host country included acquiring a resident permit, overcoming language barriers, and contending with oppression and marginalization. Being treated unequally was a major push factor for his return to Ethiopia. Despite his relief upon reentering his home country, he faced challenges which made reintegration difficult, including the inefficiency of government offices, lack of a work ethic, time mismanagement, and the unsystematic processes in a developing country. To facilitate integration and reintegration processes, more effective policy responses of both the host and home countries are needed. Developing countries should not miss the opportunity to capitalize on the potential contributions of returnees who are committed to bringing about positive change in their homeland.     

“神似”的中西方男权主义思想——兼谈古代社会人们对男权统治的抗争

私有财产和私有制度的出现，妇女逐渐成为私有财产的压迫对象和男人的附属物，男权社会由此形成。在中国，自古以来妇女就是父权社会的私有财产，妇女必须遵循统治阶级的各种礼法，然而她们却始终被排除在体制之外。而在西方，基督教产生以来，或者更早，妇女就是男人的附庸和物件，基督教以神的名义征缴了妇女的应有权利。几千年的男权社会，中西方的男权思想竟是如此相似。伴随着性别压迫的，必将是被压迫阶层的反抗。正如妇女问题产生的根源是私有制一样，破除妇女受压迫、受歧视的关节点，同样在于对私有制度的废除。     

Articulating language oppression: colonialism,coloniality and the erasure of Tibet’s minority languages

ABSTRACT

Roche’s article discusses ‘language oppression’ as a form of domination that is coherent with other forms of oppression along the lines of ‘race’, nation, colour and ethnicity. Scholars have defined language oppression as the ‘enforcement of language loss by physical, mental, social and spiritual coercion’. It is part of an evolving suite of concepts from linguistics, sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology that examines issues of language discrimination, or ‘linguicism’. Roche explores one aspect of linguicism—language erasure—and how it relates to language oppression, focusing on Tibetans in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). He examines how language oppression is produced through practices of erasure: the ways in which certain populations and their languages are systematically rendered discursively invisible. He argues that the erasure of certain languages in the Tibetan context is systematically reproduced by two otherwise opposed political projects: the colonial project of the PRC state; and the international Tibet movement that seeks to resist it. He refers to the contingent cooperation between these two opposed projects as ‘articulated oppression’. In concluding the article he examines how the disarticulation of this oppression is a necessary condition for the emancipation of Tibet’s minority languages, and discusses the broader significance of this study for understanding language oppression, and its relation to other forms of oppression.     

生存·本能·阿Q精神

阿Q是世界文学之林一个不朽的文学典型。从他诞生以来,不同国度、不同层次、不同时代的人们从未停止对他的争论。从他的精神胜利法、恋爱悲剧、革命三方面来分析他的生存困境,可看出“阿Q精神”是人类社会的一种带有普遍性的心理现象。再读《阿Q正传》时,我们面临的应该是灵魂的拷问。     

Star Power: An Experiential Learning Exercise to Foster Ecological Perspectives on Power,Privilege, and Oppression

The purpose of this article is to describe the utility of Star Power as an experiential learning exercise applied in a community psychology undergraduate course. This exercise simulates systems of power, privilege, and oppression while fostering an ecological perspective that raises students’ awareness and knowledge about power differentials within society. The simulation of trading and lawmaking works best with 18 to 35 students and takes approximately 80 minutes to conduct. This article highlights three representative student perspectives concerning their participation and experience with Star Power. Strategies for facilitating class discussion are also reported.     

Is Sex Too Good for the Working Class? Education and Oppression

The United States has three school systems, one of them excellent, another borderline in quality, and the third thoroughly inadequate. Together they satisfy the needs of the economy. Since the earliest days of the republic, national and state governments have resisted expenditures for children of the working class, not only for their education but also for purposes of health, housing, nutrition, and the financial and psychological security of their parents—all of these relevant to quality of education and educational achievement. Significant improvement in schooling for all children requires societal changes that are spelled out in this article, along with proposals about how to implement those changes.     

生存·本能·阿Q精神

阿Q是世界文学之林一个不朽的文学典型。从他诞生以来,不同国度、不同层次、不同时代的人们从未停止对他的争论。从他的精神胜利法、恋爱悲剧、革命三方面来分析他的生存困境,可看出阿Q精神是人类社会的一种带有普遍性的心理现象。再读《阿Q正传》时,我们面临的应该是灵魂的拷问。     

Bearing Witness: Methods for Researching Oppression and Resistance—A Textbook for Critical Research

This paper forecasts a “fictional” methods textbook for researchers interested in studying social oppression and resistance. The volume moves between historic and contemporary writings on methods, with particular interest in questions of objectivity and subjectivity, history and psychology, relations among units of analysis, expert and construct validity, and the ever-thorny ambition of generalizability. Crafted with inspiration from Kurt Lewin, Carolyn Payton, Ignacio Martín-Baró, and many contemporary critical writers, the book is designed to provoke conversations about social research, asking—For what? With whom? and If not now, when? The essay is written to incite a re-membering, and re-thinking, of critical methods for the social psychological study of oppression and resistance.     

论美国公司法中的压榨行为处理机制

因少数股股东退出机制短缺、资本多数决原则、合同预先规定的不足及法院遵循商业判断规则等原因,导致美国闭锁公司的少数股股东极易受到控制股东的压榨,为此,美国公司法为受压榨的股东设计了一套救济措施。考察美国的压榨行为处理机制,无疑会对我国公司法日后的完善有所裨益。