Juvenile Criminality And Semi-Criminality: Learning From Victorian Perceptions And Responses

This article focuses on media reportage of offensive juveniles, past and present, to elicit lessons that the twenty-first century can learn from the Victorian past in terms of diversionary responses. How to prevent vulnerable juveniles sliding into dangerous criminality is a continuing preoccupation: the issue explored in this article relates to the creation of the identity of the criminal juvenile. In utilising the concept of semi-criminality to label certain types of juvenile anti-social behaviour the Victorians avoided actual criminalisation of socially offensive but, in legal terms, minor behaviours. The reasons for and negative consequences of the abandonment of this concept by the modern age are explored, including the reconceptualisation of where responsibility for juvenile offending lies in the modern era.     

Gender comparisons in the relationship between parental and sibling violence and nonfamily violence

This paper addresses two neglected areas in the research on the relationship between family violence and violence outside the home: violence other than parent-child abuse and the effect of gender. Specifically, we consider both parental and sibling violence as independent variables, nonfamily violence as the dependent variable, and gender as the specification variable. The data were collected from a sample of 306 students in Introductory Sociology and Social Problems classes. The finding of particular importance is that the interaction between the gender of both the aggressor and the victim has a significant effect on the relationship between violence within the home and nonfamily violence.     

Leadership Harvard Style

The John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard is teaching a new approach to leadership. This article outlines some of the elements of this approach and contrasts them with standard models on leadership in the literature.     

行政问责制对地方政府经济行为的影响——制度堕距的视角

行政问责制是构建责任政府的具体制度安排。问责制度在制度设计与制度执行层面存在制度堕距。制度堕距对地方政府经济行为产生重要影响,因此,从制度设计与制度执行层面改进问责制制度文本,消弭制度堕距,有助于构建优良的问责制制度,推动地方政府经济行为合理化。     

司法实践中的普通法法律至上原则

普通法法律至上原则在司法实践中表现为以下几个主要的方面：司法审查,“高级法”观念,法官的权威和适当的法律方法。正是这几个方面保证了法律至上原则在司法实践中得以实现。     

论我国反垄断执法机构的设置--对现行设计方案的质疑

反垄断执法机构的科学设置 ,事关反垄断法的命运 ,其重要性是显而易见的。发达国家和地区的反垄断法在对该机构的性质定位、职能设置、程序安排诸方面都进行了周密的设计 ,赋予该机构显要的地位和超强的权力 ,以保障其执法的有效性。我国的特殊国情决定了我国反垄断法的主要使命将是如何消除和防范行政垄断 ,其斗争将是异常惨烈的。反垄断执法机构也将经受严峻考验。反垄断法讨论稿设计的反垄断执法机构设置方案 ,存在着严重缺陷 ,据此而行 ,反垄断法实施的效果是令人疑虑的。我国反垄断执法机构的设计必须废弃作为现有行政机关下属机构的思路 ,凸现其权威性、独立性和专业性     

Identity Style,Parental Authority,and Identity Commitment

The role that parental authority patterns and social-cognitive identity styles may play in establishing identity commitments was investigated. The results indicated that family authority and identity style variables combined accounted for 50% of the variation in strength of identity commitment. As hypothesized, the relationship between parental authority and identity commitment was mediated by identity style. The findings are consistent with the view that family authority patterns may contribute to the way in which late adolescents negotiate the task of constructing a sense of identity. Alternative explanations of the findings are considered.     

论独立行使检察权的制度保障

宪法规定了检察机关独立行使检察权 ,但由于当前存在着检察权地方化、检察官管理行政化及检察官的法律保障制度不健全等检察管理体制的弊端 ,造成了检察机关不能有效地独立行使检察权。改革现行的管理体制 ,从外部制度上理顺检察机关的领导体制 ,从内部管理上提高检察官的任职条件和业务素质 ,从法律保障上提高检察官的地位和待遇 ,从而建立和完善独立行使检察权的制度保障     

建立服务型地方政府的路径探讨

面对社会主义市场经济的深入发展及我国加入WTO的新的行政生态环境,服务型地方政府的建立已刻不容缓。中央与地方之间权限的清晰界定、地方政府之间的合作与竞争、地方政府自身的角色转变和管理改革是服务型地方政府建立的可行路径。     

道德视野下的法律信仰探析

建立公众对法律的信仰,确立法律本身的权威,这是法治社会的一种价值追求。然而,能否实现这种追求,其中的原因不仅仅与国家强制力有关,更主要是法律与道德的关系问题。法律的合道德性体现了法律的内在合理性。只有具备了内在合理性的“法”才有可能被大众接受、尊重、维护乃至信仰,从而确立其权威性。