Managing commercial risks in open source software licensing

Legal context: The article reviews the commercial risk allocation clauses intypical open source licence terms and discusses their enforceabilityand implications. Key points: The enforceability of warranty disclaimers and limitation ofliability clauses in common open source licence terms is questionable,particularly in a cross-border context, and commercial licensorsshould take additional steps to protect themselves from down-streamrisks. Practical significance: Open source software presents a number of unusual commercialissues, because it is available free of charge and the providerstry to disclaim warranties and liabilities. End users and resellershave to adjust their own in- and out-licensing models to accommodatethis situation.     

哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区的旅游业正在迅速崛起

哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区旅游业的特点在于出入境旅游和国内旅游同步发展。优越的地理环境为其面向中国、日本和韩国等相邻国家发展入境游创造了良好的条件，也为其发展地区旅游经济打下了坚实的基础。     

犯罪源头-未成年人犯罪

当前,未成年人犯罪逐年增多,危害日益严重,且呈现出新的动向与特点.而未成年人犯罪是犯罪的源头,要遏制犯罪,必须分析未成年人犯罪的原因,从源头抓起,预防、治理青少年犯罪中的未成年人犯罪.     

影响农民增收的制度因素浅析

农民收入增长缓慢已成为当前农村发展的突出矛盾。农民能否增收与国家支持农业的政策和有关制度有着深层次的联系,政策和制度强烈地影响着农民的经济命运和社会地位。农民增收应改革户籍制度对农民社会地位的隐性限制;农民增收要消除乡村组织制度对农民利益的损益剥夺;农民增收应对的县乡组织制度创新要树立小政府大服务的理念。     

巨额财产来源不明罪量刑畸轻的危害

巨额财产来源不明罪的设立 ,对打击犯罪曾经起过积极作用。但随着经济的发展和时间的推移 ,腐败分子巨额财产来源不明的现象却屡禁不止、愈演愈烈 ,重要原因之一是由于刑法规定的该罪的量刑幅度畸轻。这不仅违背了罪刑相适应的原则 ,放纵了犯罪 ,而且为执法者徇私枉法开了方便之门。建议立法机构比照贪污、受贿罪的量刑进行修改 ,提高法定刑、增加量刑档次。     

Composite Machine Learning Algorithm for Material Sourcing,

This study developed a composite machine learning algorithm for attribution of materials of forensic interest (like ammonium nitrate) to original sources. k-nearest neighbor and random forest models were used for source elimination and classification, respectively, in a two-step, composite algorithm based on particle color, size/shape, and trace element concentration features. Novel approaches for simulation to supplement within-source reference features based on empirically measured multi-lot analyses, an improved hold-one-lot-out method for cross-validation, an assessment of the likelihood of the presence of a reference sample, fusion of the source probabilities from the respective classification models, and the calculation of metrics for assessing ensemble sourcing performance are described. Excellent sourcing predictions were obtained; the sourcing algorithm identified the correct source as the top choice 89% of the time, and the correct source was identified to be an average of 2.7 times more likely than the most likely incorrect source.     

洪泽湖水污染现状与水源地保护

洪泽湖是江苏省淮安等城市主要的水源地,由于受到淮河等人湖客水和流域内工业、农业与城乡生活污水影响,湖水水质已经下降为劣V类,远远低于国家规定的水源地水质要求。加强洪泽湖水源地保护刻不容缓。该文在对洪泽湖水污染现状调查分析的基础上,从法规、机制、管理等多方面提出了加强洪泽湖水源地保护的措施。     

Beating the bounds: how does ‘open source’ become a seed commons?

In response to ongoing plant genetic enclosures, the Open Source Seed Initiative (OSSI) is creating a ‘protected commons’ for seed. It is a project, I argue, that reflects characteristics of a growing transnational commoning movement. From the Zapatistas to seed wars, such movements draw attention to commons not simply as a resource, but as a dynamic and evolving social activity: commoning. In the US, OSSI includes 38 plant breeders, 48 seed companies and 377 crop varieties. Yet challenges remain for OSSI to gain wider legitimacy for ‘freed seed’, to build trust in a moral pledge, and to establish fair guidelines for which people and which seed can participate in making the commons. Using the metaphor of ‘beating the bounds’ – a feudal practice of contesting enclosures – I ask how OSSI defends the commons in intersecting arenas. The first way is legal, as OSSI negotiates a move from contract law toward moral economy law. Next is epistemic, as an informal breeder network revitalizes farmer knowledge, while proving more structurally able and culturally equipped to lead commoning efforts. Finally, I reflect on the nature of boundary beating itself, aided by Global South movements. Seed sovereignty perspectives suggest room for a pluriverse of commons to grow.     

我国有组织犯罪经济导向的实证分析

组织性是有组织犯罪严重社会危害性的本质原因，而作为结构稳定的规模化的组织，经济导向就是犯罪组织的向心力和凝聚力。有组织犯罪人成立、参加犯罪组织的目的不在于犯罪组织本身，而在于通过犯罪组织获取经济利益，犯罪组织内部的规范作用以经济利益为根基。根据中日有组织犯罪合作研究项目的调查结论，有组织犯罪人之间多为同乡关系、同事关系、同监关系，这说明了有组织犯罪人之间的稳定关系不只是基于长期交往形成的了解和信赖，更在于共同的经济利益目的。初级形态的犯罪组织暴力特征凸显，但暴力并非有组织犯罪的唯一手段和必要特征，犯罪组织视经济目的要求运用犯罪手段，高级形态的犯罪组织不通过暴力也可能实现目的。针对有组织犯罪的经济导向，提升底层群体经济地位，完善相关刑事立法，是防控有组织犯罪的有效途径。     

日本预防组织犯罪对策的要点及其启示

日本包括西方许多国家的组织犯罪,在某种意义上均可说是与制度有关或由制度造成,因此,日本基于这种环境,在＂对策＂中首先从＂法＂的高度进行组织保障,从＂修法＂起步,制定＂纲要＂指南、规范过程实施,强化重点保证,以及在宏观处立足、在过程中掌控细节等。随着中国国际化程度的不断提高和经济全球化进程的不断提速,国际上的一些职业犯罪包括敌对势力和邪教等组织肯定都会把触角伸向中国,中国警方必须积极应对、未雨绸缪,制定中国式的预防组织犯罪对策,即充分发挥制度优势,清除组织犯罪滋生成长环境、把组织犯罪消灭在萌芽状态和拒之于国门之外。