中毒死者体内毒鼠强的GC/MS-SIM分析

一 1 9岁男子赌气吞服一白色粉末 ,1 0min后口鼻流血、抽搐 ,迅速送医院 ,经催吐、透析等方法治疗 5天后死亡。根据中毒症状和经验怀疑为毒鼠强中毒。用GC/NPD检验肝中毒鼠强有干扰。改用GC/MS -SIM法分析 ,心血、肝和胃组织中全部检出毒鼠强 ,浓度分别为 0 5 1 μg .mL- 1、0 4 5 μg .g- 1和 0 33μg .g- 1,和文献结果在同一水平。GC/MS -SIM对复杂检材中低含量毒鼠强测定具有更高的选择性 ,也具有较高的灵敏度 ,同时进一步证实毒鼠强排泄较慢 ,经过较长时间后在体内分布比较均匀     

缺磷日粮对笼养蛋鸡生产性能及内分泌的影响

将 12 0只 19周龄依莎蛋鸡随机分成A、B、C组 ,分别饲喂总磷含量为 5 .8、4 .4和 3.0g/kg的日粮 (相应的有效磷含量分别是 4 .0、2 .5和 1.0 g/kg) ,进行缺磷日粮对蛋鸡生产性能及内分泌的影响试验。结果表明 ,B组与A组间生产性能无显著差异 ;与A、B组相比 ,C组产蛋率、体重、蛋壳品质及骨密度 (BMD)均显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ;各组间血钙、血磷含量无显著差异 ;C组碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)活性和血液骨钙素 (BGP)含量均比对照组显著提高 (P <0 .0 1) ;从试验开始到产蛋高峰期 (33周龄 ) ,A、B和C组雌二醇 (E2 )水平随年龄增长而上升 ,但随后E2 水平则呈下降趋势。试验结果表明 ,日粮总磷含量为 4 .4 g/kg时有助于提高和改善蛋鸡生产性能 ,若日粮总磷含量低于 4 .4 g/kg ,则会降低产蛋率、蛋重、蛋壳品质及骨量。     

Drugs in motorists traveling Swedish roads: on-the-road-detection of intoxicated drivers and screening for drugs in these offenders

This paper deals with the police officer's or police doctor's ability to find drivers under the influence of drugs. We have also studied whether the protocol on the driver's previous histories of drug intake is useful for directing the chemist in his analytical approach to revealing intoxicants in the suspects' body fluids. A comprehensive procedure for screening traffic-hazardous drugs in the urine was found necessary and is described. By using this method, we have studied the incidence of drunken drivers with detectable medicinal or illicit agents. The results demonstrate that 91% of those drivers found by the officer or doctor of the police to be on intoxicants other than ethanol, carried some kind of traffic-hazardous drug in their body fluids, and that the doctor was a better judge than the police in identifying these offenders. By using a series of chemical methods for drug screening, we found that every third driver suspected of drunken driving due to ethanol, but not to other intoxicants, held some kind of a traffic-hazardous drug substance in his urine; benzodiazepines and cannabinoids were the most common findings. The data imply that 34% of these suspects revealed their intakes of traffic-dangerous intoxicants. We conclude that the judgements of both the officer and doctor of the police are needed for an efficacious detection of drivers under the influence of drugs. Moreover, the results infer that the chemist has to screen for intoxicants to reveal these in a suspect driver. We also conclude that drugs, particularly the benzodiazepines or cannabinoids, may be commonly encountered in drunken drivers, suspected of being inebriated by ethanol but no other toxicants.     

An Evaluation of Childhood Deaths in Turkey Due to Yellow Phosphorus in Firecrackers

Yellow phosphorus (YP) is a powerful protoplasmic poison used in the manufacturing of matches, pest poisons, firecrackers, firework cracker, lights for watches, military ammunition, and agriculture fertilizer. YP is extremely flammable and toxic and easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we examined childhood deaths from 1997 to 2012 resulting from the ingestion of firecrackers. The patients ranged from 2 to 15 years of age and were admitted to the hospital with a variety of symptoms. Those that presented with nausea, vomiting, and hypotension rapidly deteriorated and entered a coma. An autopsy was performed in all but one of the 16 cases reviewed. Macroscopically, the livers had a yellowish discoloration with petechial bleeding. Histopathologic examination revealed acute toxic hepatitis. In conclusion, these firecrackers are found in corner shops throughout Turkey, may cause death in children with little warning, and should be banned to prevent further deaths.     

Suicidal Fatality from Azide Ingestion

A 35-year-old man ingested an unknown amount of sodium azide and died within 2 h. The postmortem interval was 3 days. No alcohol or drugs were found in the blood and urine. Azide was derivatized in the peripheral blood, urine, and vitreous fluid with propionic anhydride. A portion of the headspace was injected onto a gas chromatograph with a nitrogen–phosphorus detector. Azide was quantitated in the peripheral blood (1.1 μg/mL), urine (7.5 μg/mL), and vitreous (43 μg/mL). The vitreous appears to be a better fluid for azide screening because of slower degradation.     

磷对成骨细胞超微结构及其GJIC和Ⅰ型胶原含量的影响

在体外培养成骨细胞(OB)的基础上,添加0、1、2、4mmol/L磷,作用2d后,采用电子显微镜观察OB的超微结构,采用划痕标记染料示踪技术观察细胞间隙连接通讯(GJIC);作用2、5、8d后,用BCA法蛋白定量试剂盒、Goat Anti-rat Collagen TypeⅠ试剂盒分别检测OB内总蛋白及Ⅰ型胶原的含量,并用DⅠ型胶原/D总蛋白表示Ⅰ型胶原的含量。结果显示,作用2d,4mmol/L磷组OB内线粒体减少、肿胀。4mmol/L磷组GJIC的荧光扩散距离减弱,1、2mmol/L磷组基本不变;就Ⅰ型胶原含量而言,除1mmol/L磷组在作用2d抑制其分泌外(P<0.05),在磷作用2、5、8d均促进其分泌(P<0.05)。结果表明,添加1、2、4mmol/L磷能促进OB的分泌Ⅰ型胶原;4mmol/L磷能抑制OB的代谢活性,且能抑制OB间通讯。     

钙磷对体外培养SD大鼠破骨细胞生成和活化的影响

通过成骨细胞与脾细胞共培养,在体外诱导脾细胞转化为破骨细胞,转化过程中分别加入3、5mmol/L的钙或磷及不同比例的钙、磷,设不添加钙、磷因子对照。经形态学观察、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色计数、扫描电镜观察象牙片吸收陷窝研究钙、磷因子对大鼠破骨细胞生成和活化的影响。结果表明,培养液中钙、磷浓度分别为35、mmol/L时对破骨细胞的生成及活化均有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),5mmol/L Ca对破骨细胞生成活化的抑制与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01)。CCa∶CP=2∶1组对破骨细胞生成和活化的抑制作用最强。证实钙、磷通过抑制破骨细胞的生成和活化抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收活性。     

血中毒鼠强的固相萃取和GC-NPD法测定

目的 研究人全血中毒鼠强的固相革取(SPE)。方法 用Bond Elute C18固相萃取柱萃取,GC-NPD检测,以甲基对硫磷为色谱内标(CS)。结果 全血中加标0.5μg/ml,毒鼠强回收率为92.5％,变异系数2.3％(CV,n=4)。在0.5～10μg/ml的浓度范围内,线性相关系数为0.9994。检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)分别为6ng/ml和20ng/ml。同一根萃取柱连续使用6次未见性能明显下降(CV=3.6%)。结论 本文方法适用于毒鼠强中毒的全血测定。     

淫羊藿对大鼠退变颈椎骨组织钙、磷代谢的影响

目的:观察淫羊藿对大鼠退变颈椎骨组织钙(Ca)、磷 (P)代谢的影响,探讨淫羊藿防治颈椎退变的机制.方法:6月龄SD大鼠,体质量(220±20)g,雌雄不拘,随机分为模型组20只,假手术对照组10只.通过切除动物C2-7棘上韧带、棘间韧带和分离椎旁两侧肌肉,建立颈椎退行性改变动物模型.在1,3个月末两个时间点拍摄颈椎X线片,证实模型复制成功后,将模型组分为淫羊藿组10只,9.0 g/L氯化钠注射液(NS)组10只,分别喂服淫羊藿水提液和NS 2个月,假手术对照组喂服NS,取大鼠颈椎骨组织和血清用全自动生化分析仪分别测定骨组织Ca、P含量和血清样本中Ca、P、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平.结果:淫羊藿组大鼠血清P及ALP水平较NS组和假手术对照组显著升高(P<0.05).3组血Ca水平无显著性差异.NS组颈椎骨组织Ca、P含量与假手术对照组相比较显著降低(P<0.01),淫羊藿组颈椎骨组织Ca、P含量与NS组相比较显著升高(P<0.01).结论:颈椎Ca、P含量减低,是颈椎退变的病理结果.淫羊藿可提高退变颈椎骨组织Ca、P含量,抑制颈椎退变.淫羊藿可降低退变颈椎组织ALP活性,具有抑制骨赘形成,减缓颈椎退变的作用.     

Capillary electrophoretic analysis of phosphorus species in clandestine methamphetamine laboratory samples

The clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine is a spreading epidemic. Manufacturing methods are constantly changing, necessitating the implementation of new analytical tools to identify materials from these labs. Characterization of phosphate, phosphite, and hypophosphite ions is necessary to distinguish the various phosphorus-iodine manufacturing methods that are popular methods for reducing pseudoephedrine to methamphetamine. This work describes a capillary electrophoresis method to separate acetate, azide, bromide, carbonate, chlorate, chloride, chromate, fluoride, hypophosphite, iodide, nitrate, nitrite, perchlorate, phosphate, phosphite, sulfate, sulfite, and thiocyanate. The CElixerOA 8.2 dynamic coating system was modified by lowering the capillary temperature to 15 degrees C and using an acid flush between runs to remove adsorbed materials. This allows detection of ions down to between 10 and 30 parts per million with percent relative standard deviations of normalized migration times under 0.1%. This method is a valuable tool for the characterization of phosphate, phosphite, and hypophosphite in routine analysis of clandestine methamphetamine manufacturing evidence and has a broader application in other areas of forensic analysis.