原子荧光光谱法在金属毒物检验中的应用

原子荧光光谱法是近年来发展起来的一类分析方法。本文综述了原子荧光光谱法的基本原理、操作方法以及该技术在金属检验中的应用。     

Fatal bromethalin poisoning

Bromethalin is a neurotoxin found in some rodenticides. A delusional 21-year-old male presented to a hospital with altered mental status the day after ingesting a bromethalin-based rodenticide. He died 7 days after his self-reported exposure to c. 17 mg bromethalin (equivalent to 0.33 mg bromethalin/kg). His clinicopathologic course was characterized by altered mental status, obtundation, increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, cerebral edema, death, and diffuse histologic vacuolization of the white matter in the central nervous system seen on microscopic examination at autopsy. The presence of a demethylated form of bromethalin in the patient's liver and brain was confirmed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Clinical signs and lesions observed in this patient are similar to those seen in animals poisoned with bromethalin. This case illustrates the potential for bromethalin ingestion to result in fatal human poisoning.     

适配体技术研究现状与法庭科学应用展望

适配体技术是生物科技研究中的新兴发展技术之一,具有广阔的应用前景。本文从适配体技术的发展、研究方法、特性以及应用领域进行综述,并对该技术在法庭科学中的应用做出展望,以推动我国法庭科学领域对适配体技术的研究和应用。     

顶空GC／MS法检验血液中的硫化氢

目的建立血液中硫化氢的气相色谱质谱联用分析方法。方法取心血3mL-5mL,置于20mL顶空瓶中,加入1g氯化钠,加3mL-5mL蒸馏水,加入2mol／L盐酸1mL,加盖密封,混匀后于80℃水浴中加热20min。取液上气体0．5mL进样分析。结果在中毒死亡者的心血中检出硫化氢,保留时间参考值为3．6min。结论该方法可用于刑事案件中硫化氢的快速分析。     

中部地区某县104起投毒案件分析

通过对104起投毒案件分析,发现投毒杀人仍是投毒犯罪的一个主要目的;投毒案件既有一定的季节性也表现出一定的地域性;所投毒物种类分布较广,但农药和鼠药占多数;所投毒物具有鲜明的时代性;投毒位置、对象和手段有一定的选择性等规律。     

分光光度法检测硫化氢中毒血液中的硫化血红蛋白

目的研究生物检材中硫化氢的检验方法。方法用分光光度法测定生物检材(血液)中的硫化血红蛋白。结果硫化血红蛋白在波长612nm处有特征吸收,且其在此处的吸光度与硫化血红蛋白的浓度成正比。结论硫化氢中毒案件可通过分光光度法测定中毒者血液中硫化血红蛋白的浓度来确定中毒的程度。     

A Mixture Model for the Number of Gunshot Residues Found on Suspects' Hands

Quantifying the strength of gunshot residue (GSR) evidence requires scientific knowledge about the number of particles expected to be found on individuals who were or were not involved in a shooting. However, controlled experiments demand expensive resources in terms of microscope time and labor, which restricts the data of most studies to only a small group of individuals. We suggest a novel method that exploits data collected routinely on suspects during the daily work of forensic laboratories. These observational data relate to both persons who were involved in a shooting and innocent individuals. We suggest a mixture approach with different models for the number of gunshot residue particles in each group and develop an iterative algorithm to estimate the probabilities of observing the evidence under the defense proposition that the suspect is innocent and under the prosecution assumption that he is not. The method is applied to data of more than 500 suspects collected by the Israel National Police Division of Identification and Forensic Science. The analysis shows that the probability of finding three or more GSR particles on the hands of innocent suspects is very small, less than 1.5 in 1000 cases. Our new method enables researchers to use data on real cases, possibly supplemented by experimental data, in order to estimate the probabilities of a given GSR finding under the defense and prosecution propositions.     

Suicidal Fatality from Azide Ingestion

A 35-year-old man ingested an unknown amount of sodium azide and died within 2 h. The postmortem interval was 3 days. No alcohol or drugs were found in the blood and urine. Azide was derivatized in the peripheral blood, urine, and vitreous fluid with propionic anhydride. A portion of the headspace was injected onto a gas chromatograph with a nitrogen–phosphorus detector. Azide was quantitated in the peripheral blood (1.1 μg/mL), urine (7.5 μg/mL), and vitreous (43 μg/mL). The vitreous appears to be a better fluid for azide screening because of slower degradation.     

GC/MS检验不同案件中摇头丸

目的 分析不同案件缴获的“摇头丸”主要成分和添加物,为确定“摇头丸”的合成路线、非法来源提供依据.方法 以GC/MS检测法为主要检测方法.结果 检验的14个“摇头丸”主要成分为甲基苯丙胺和咖啡因,其中含有少量的其他杂质如麻黄碱和氯胺酮等.结论 检测的14个“摇头丸”样本其中12个含甲基苯丙胺,实为冰毒成分,1个为咖啡因均不属于摇头丸.     

Fatal Cleistanthus collinus Toxicity: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Cleistanthus collinus is an extremely toxic plant poison. We report a case of suicidal ingestion of boiled water decoction of C. collinus where the patient presented with abdominal pain and giddiness. There was persistent metabolic acidosis and fluctuation in the level of serum potassium. The ECG changes indicated a probable myocardial injury with conduction abnormality. At autopsy, the viscera were found to be congested. The toxins were detected in the viscera and blood by TLC and HPLC. Cleistanthin A and B, collinusin, and diphyllin are the principal toxic constituents of the plant. Consumption of a boiled decoction of leaves is highly toxic and, medical management of patients is mainly supportive because the molecular mechanisms of toxin action are unknown. In the recent years, C. collinus has created a considerable amount of interest because of its complex metabolites and their cytotoxic activities. Through this study, the authors have tried to highlight different properties pertaining to C. collinus.