A novel method for cyanide quantification in human whole blood using ion chromatography with amperometric detection and its application to cyanide intoxication cases

Cyanide is a highly toxic agent that has been frequently used for suicide in South Korea. It is also used in various industrial fields, such as metal plating, in which many accidental cyanide intoxications have occurred. To overcome the disadvantages of conventional cyanide analysis methods, a simple and fast method for the analysis of cyanide in whole blood using ion chromatography (IC) with amperometric detection was developed in this study. Whole blood samples were deproteinized, diluted, and analyzed using an IC–amperometric detection system. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L, respectively. The method showed good linearity in the range of 0.2 to 50 mg/L with R² > 0.99. The intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy values were <10%. The established method was successfully applied to analyze whole blood samples from three cyanide intoxication cases.     

完善我国民营企业间接融资法律制度的思考

就民营企业融资而言,最合适的融资方式是利用银行等金融机构进行间接融资。目前民营企业间接融资的法律障碍,已成为束缚民营企业间接融资顺利进行的瓶颈,完善间接融资的法律制度,扫除相关法律障碍势在必行、刻不容缓。     

鸡传染性贫血病毒VP2蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

以原核表达的鸡传染性贫血病毒(CIAV)VP2蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠3次后,取小鼠脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞(SP2/0)融合;融合细胞用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(间接ELISA)检测;阳性细胞株经3次有限稀释法克隆后,获得7株分泌抗CIAV VP2蛋白的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为3B4、3C9、3D7、3D10、4G11、4G7和5C6。7株杂交瘤细胞免疫小鼠的腹水及其细胞培养液上清的ELISA效价分别是2.0×106、2.5×105、1.0×106、2.0×105、2.5×104、1.5×106、1.0×105和1.5×102、1.0×102、2.5×102、2.0×102、0.5×102、2.5×102、1.5×102。7株融合细胞的染色体数目为98~102条,与其他禽类病毒和MSB1、Sf9细胞无交叉反应,说明这7株单抗具有良好的特异性。     

日本证券投资基金法制改革及其借鉴意义

日本于 195 1年制定颁行了《证券投资信托法》 ,由此奠定了证券投资基金制度的法律基础。之后 ,经过不断的修改 ,形成了较为完善的规范证券投资基金的法律体系。我国在促进证券投资基金发展的同时 ,还应适当借鉴日本的改革经验 ,完善证券投资基金法律体系 ,加强对投资者的保护 ,以进一步促进我国证券市场的发展。     

知识产权中的间接侵权探析

知识产权中的间接侵权有三种形式,即:帮助侵权、二次侵权和代位侵权。间接侵权不同于共同侵权,它与直接侵权也有联系但并不必然以之为前提,在我国立法中,规定间接侵权是很有必要的。     

甲维盐中毒死亡小鼠体内的分布及死后再分布

目的研究甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(简称甲维盐)中毒死亡小鼠的致死血浓度、靶器官组织、毒物蓄积库和死后毒物再分布的特征。方法采用灌胃法建立中毒小鼠模型,动态观察急性中毒组、亚急性中毒组小鼠的主要中毒症状和临床死亡时间。观察中毒死后小鼠各器官组织病理形态学改变,应用酶联免疫吸附试验测定死后0、24、48、72h甲维盐体内分布及死后再分布,采用高效液相色谱法测定中毒小鼠的致死血浓度和死后各时间点的血中甲维盐浓度。结果中毒小鼠均在灌胃后15~30 min内依次出现神经、呼吸系统症状。急性中毒组小鼠的临床死亡时间为(45.8±7.9)min,亚急性中毒组为(8.0±1.4)d。甲维盐的急性致死血浓度范围为447.164 0~524.463 5 mg/L。光镜及荧光显微镜下各器官组织均见明显的病理改变;小鼠中毒死后72 h内,血、心、肝、脾、肺、肾及脑甲维盐浓度变化具有规律性(P0.05)。结论甲维盐中毒作用的主要靶器官为心、肝、肾、肺、脑和接触部位(胃),其主要蓄积库为肾、肝,甲维盐在小鼠体内存在死后再分布现象。     

死后眼组织变化与死亡时间推断

眼组织推断死亡时间一直是国内外法医学界的研究热点之一,从肉眼观到镜下观,从细胞水平到分子水平,不断有新的研究成果和报告出现。大量研究资料表明,随着死亡时间的延长,眼角膜、视网膜、玻璃体液及房水等均出现规律性的变化,并与死亡时间高度相关,可用于死亡时间推断。本文对其在法医学领域的研究进展作以综述。     

犯罪对象概念的反思与重构

刑法学者之所以在不同场合赋予犯罪对象不同含义,是因为我国刑法理论中的传统犯罪对象概念存在一定的缺陷。有必要重构犯罪对象概念,将“犯罪行为直接作用的具体人和物”与“犯罪客体的直接物质承担者”两种含义适当分离,在理论上区分为直接犯罪对象与间接犯罪对象,二者作为犯罪实行行为指向的事物,有时可发生部分重合,但功能上并不相同,不可相互替代。     

Postmortem chest computed tomography for the diagnosis of drowning:a feasibility study

It may be difficult to distinguish the cause of death in drowning cases without specific findings. The aim of this study was to explore the forensic value of thoracic postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) using routine images and three-dimensional (3D) image reconstructions. The imaging data of PMCT examinations of six drowning cadavers, aged 21–54 years, were analyzed. Twelve victims of sudden death from coronary artery disease (CAD) were chosen as a control group. After 3D bilateral lung images were reconstructed using image processing software, an interactive medical image control system was used to measure and analyze parameters including lung volume, lung volume ratio, mean CT value of the whole lung, and lung CT value distribution curves. Lung volume and lung volume ratio were used to assess the shape changes of the lung. Lung CT value distribution curves showed the corresponding number of pixels of the different CT values in the lung image. Lung volume was not significantly larger in drowning cases (mean 2 958 cm³) than in controls (mean 2 342 cm³). Lung volume ratio values in the drowning group (mean 0.3156) were greater than those in the control group (mean 0.2763); (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference between the drowning and control group in the mean CT value of the whole lung. There were differences between lung CT value distribution curves in drowning victims and controls, with drowning victims showing a single peak and CAD cases showing a bimodal distribution. Thoracic PMCT is helpful for the forensic medical diagnosis of drowning. Lung volume ratio and lung CT value distribution are potential indicators to distinguish between drowning and CAD.     

Volatile Organic Compound Profiling from Postmortem Microbes using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are by-products of cadaveric decomposition and are responsible for the odor associated with decomposing remains. The direct link between VOC production and individual postmortem microbes has not been well characterized experimentally. The purpose of this study was to profile VOCs released from three postmortem bacterial isolates (Bacillus subtilis, Ignatzschineria indica, I. ureiclastica) using solid-phase microextraction arrow (SPME Arrow) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Species were inoculated in headspace vials on Standard Nutrient Agar and monitored over 5 days at 24°C. Each species exhibited a different VOC profile that included common decomposition VOCs. VOCs exhibited upward or downward temporal trends over time. Ignatzschineria indica produced a large amount of dimethyldisulfide. Other compounds of interest included alcohols, aldehydes, aromatics, and ketones. This provides foundational data to link decomposition odor with specific postmortem microbes to improve understanding of underlying mechanisms for decomposition VOC production.