Assessing the Performance of the Price Cap Plan for Local Exchange Carriers in the United States

In 1991 the FCC implemented a price cap plan for local exchange carriers' interstate access service designed to deal with the regulatory boundaries problem arising from the breakup of AT&T in 1984. The experience with the price cap plan demonstrates the difficulty of predicting productivity growth accurately and makes clear that regulators cannot depend upon a pure price cap plan to keep prices within a reasonable range of costs. With periodic reviews to readjust plan parameters, however, a price cap plan can maintain the rate-of-return close to the target rate-of-return without diminishing the price cap plan's incentives for efficient production. A simple method of recalculating the X-factor based on the rate-of-return over the previous three years worked well in simulations. If this procedure had been used over the price cap period 1991 to 2000, prices would have been 20 percent lower and expenditures on LECs' telecommunications service subject to a price cap would have been $3.8 billion lower.     

“入世”对我国价格和价格宏观调控的影响及其对策

加入WTO以后，我国的关税将大幅度降低，非关税贸易保护措施削弱，贸易自由化程度提高，国内市场的各类商品将进一步放开，国内外市场的商品将进行公开的、无扭曲的公平竞争，这就为我国的国内市场价格与国际市场价格的对接，为价格的宏观调控的改革提供了前所未有的机遇。“入世”后，国际市场价格对国内市场价格的冲击主要集中在国内的第三产业价格及收费和第一产业的农产品价格。面对“入世”的新情况，为了维护我国的产业安全，我们必须加大市场价格体系的改革力度，形成新的价格体系和价格管理制度。     

粮食主产区粮食补贴改革研究——以江苏省的调查为例

对江苏省118个农户的问卷调查显示,粮食补贴改革达到了增加粮食生产和提高农民收入的政策目标.2004年水稻生产的恢复性增长是粮价上涨、农业税费减免和直接补贴共同作用的结果.如果按照农田计税面积补贴,随着农业产业结构的调整,农民很可能会减少粮食生产.如果按照粮食交售量补贴,可以起到增加种粮农民收入和稳定粮食生产的作用,但不利于国有粮食购销企业的改革和多元化粮食流通渠道的形成.因此,粮食主产区应该按照粮食实际种植面积进行补贴,合理确定补贴标准.粮食直接补贴要和新型保护价配合使用,建立起农民收入和粮食安全保障机制.     

房价变动对相关群体的利益影响分析

近几年来,全国各地房地产价格普遍上涨,有些城市的涨幅已经相当大。去年国家调控房地产的政策出台后,部分城市房价涨幅有所回落,个别城市房价开始下跌。但仍然有不少城市房价涨幅过大。房价的快速上涨带来了一系列的社会问题,其中之一就是导致社会财富在相关群体中的重新分配,加速收入分配的两极分化,并严重影响了人们生活水平的提高。因此,必须高度重视由于房价上涨所引起的问题,继续采取有效的措施抑制房价快速上涨。     

农民耕地抛荒问题探析

现有的解决耕地抛荒的措施不过是权宜之计,不能从根本上解决农民耕地抛荒问题。在农业和农村经济发展新阶段,狭小的农产品销售空间是农民耕地抛荒的根本原因。而“减少农民,增加市民”则是解决农民耕地抛荒问题的根本出路。     

应对竞争的抗辩:美国和欧共体反价格歧视法的比较与借鉴

价格歧视属于企业价格决策的一种,而价格决策很大程度上受制于企业所处的竞争地位和竞争环境.而价格歧视又是竞争法规范的对象.为了将与竞争法目标相容的和不相容的价格歧视区别出来,除了其他规则之外,美国和欧共体的竞争法还确立了应对竞争的抗辩,被控方可据此推翻指控.比较美国和欧共体竞争法中的有关规则,分析两者在这一问题上的相同点和不同之处,针对我国未来反垄断立法中的禁止价格歧视条款,提出具体的建议.     

Old (Molotov) cocktails in new bottles? “Price-tag” and settler violence in Israel and the West Bank

In the early morning of July 31, 2015, masked attackers threw firebombs into two Palestinian homes in the West Bank village of Duma, south of Nablus, killing three Palestinian civilians. Contrary to claims by Israeli and Palestinian politicians, this attack was neither an isolated anomaly nor just another incident of settler violence. Instead, it was the latest attack in an important but largely unknown phenomenon called “price-tag,” in which a loosely connected group of young Israelis called “hilltop youth” burn Palestinian mosques and destroy property in hundreds of attacks accompanied by threatening graffiti that references Israeli settlers, outposts, and anti-Arab slogans. Using an original dataset of price-tag incidents and interviews with key actors, we demonstrate that the perpetrators, targets, and strategies of price-tag are different than previous patterns of settler violence. Whereas previous settlers saw the Israeli state as legitimate and largely decided to cooperate with it, the hilltop youth have decided to confront it by using price-tag attacks to deter settlement withdrawals and chain-gang the state into a conflict with the Palestinians. This analysis of the strategic logic of price-tag reveals its potential to shift the political landscape within and between Israelis and Palestinians.     

人口年龄结构如何影响住房财富效应？——基于家庭微观视角的分析

人口年龄结构变动与高房价均为我国当前经济社会的重要特征,研究人口年龄结构对住房财富效应的影响对于房价调控、释放居民消费潜力具有较大的现实意义。基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,实证检验人口年龄结构对住房财富效应的影响,结果发现：老年抚养比和幼年抚养比升高显著增强了住房财富效应,且幼年抚养比升高对住房财富效应的影响更大;进一步,老年抚养比和幼年抚养比对拥有大产权房产家庭和低房价收入比家庭的住房财富效应有显著正向影响,但对拥有小产权房产家庭和高房价收入比家庭的影响不显著;并且,幼年抚养比对家庭住房财富效应的正向影响在高房价地区更为显著,老年抚养比对其的正向影响则在低房价区域更显著。     

减价实现方式的重思与重构

围绕减价,我国主流解释论认为可由受损害方通过单方意思表示来实现,这主要源自德国法的形成权说,忽视了我国实在法体系与德国法体系的重要差异。在我国,一方面,买卖合同领域的损害赔偿奉行无过错原则,减价难觅特殊的制度功能;另一方面,由于并非奠定在解除权行使条件的基础上,减价权作为形成权来构造也缺少了关键性条件。因此,形成权说不仅逻辑欠妥,而且易使当事人之间利益失衡。在解释论上,应重视当事人之间的合意形成和司法机关的介入作用,宜将买受人主张减价的权利打造为变更合同的请求权。     

农产品价格上涨与农民增收

2007年以来，农产品价格上涨，农民收入并未有效增加，在物价高涨的情况下，如何保障农民的收入的增加，是我们需要面对的问题，我们要从加大对农民的直补，加强农民专业合作组织建设，加强农产品市场建设等方面努力解决问题。