抵押预告登记优先受偿效力的解释论

作为预告登记的一个子类型,按照法教义学的逻辑推演,抵押预告登记并不产生优先受偿效力。但该制度的创设目的在于满足商品房预售交易中当事人的担保需求,若抵押预告登记权利人最终无法实现优先受偿权,这一制度将难以发挥其应有的作用,最终沦为具文。当符合已办理建筑物所有权首次登记且预告登记未失效等条件时,抵押预告登记转本登记的实质条件已满足,允许抵押预告登记权利人直接行使优先受偿权并不违反物权法基本原理。虽然《民法典担保制度解释》最终未对强制执行程序中抵押预告登记的效力作出规定,但不妨碍预告登记权利人依照该司法解释第52条第1款的规定行使优先受偿权。在破产程序中,抵押预告登记权利人行使优先受偿权无须以已办理建筑物所有权首次登记为前提,优先受偿的范围也不应限制在人民法院受理破产申请时抵押财产的价值范围内。     

A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD ISSUE:

In 1997, the Office of Child Support Enforcement initiated the State Child Access and Visitation (AV) Grant Program, which involves annual awards of $10 million to states to promote the development of programs to alleviate access problems. Telephone interviews with 970 parents who used mediation, parent education, and supervised visitation programs funded by AV grants in nine states revealed that the programs are reaching diverse groups of parents including many low-income, non-White, and unmarried parents who receive no other type of access assistance. The programs also appear to be achieving the major objectives posited for them by the federal government. One-third to one-half of noncustodial parents in every program type reported that parent–child contact increased following program participation, with supervised visitation users who typically had the lowest levels of parent–child contact reporting a significant increase in the number of days of contact. A review of child support records for 173 program users in three states revealed that child support payments increased among participants following program participation, especially for never-married parents who paid a significantly higher proportion of what they owed. These findings are similar to results reported in a five-state study of mediation programs funded by AV grants that was conducted by the Office of the Inspector General. However, both studies have some serious limitations, including low response rates and the absence of a nontreatment comparison group.     

对我国《海商法》中有关航次租船合同的某些问题探讨

本文就航次租船合同的适用法律 ,合同订立形式 ,适航 ,绕航 ,运费支付 ,合同解除等问题做了浅析 ,并对《海商法》中某些相关条款提出修改建议     

从历史视角看我国集体协商制度与和谐劳动关系问题

集体协商制度是一定历史阶段的产物。分析其在西方工业化国家产生发展和在我国实施及废止的历史可看出，它与一定的经济体制及特定的劳动关系有着紧密的联系，落实好这一制度，是建立和谐劳动关系的基本路径之一，这是在借鉴西方市场经济国家劳动关系调节的历史经验、汲取我国过去及近年来实践经验的基础上所得出的一条基本结论。     

会计信息与工资集体协商--理论与实务的几个问题

工资集体协商的实质是经济利益的协商,协商的效果和质量取决于协商手段的运用,特别是协商过程中财务信息的运用。研究工资集体协商过程中涉及的若干会计问题,目的是引导协商主体,充分利用财务信息,提高工资集体协商的质量,实现共赢。     

横向财政转移支付法律制度研究

基于横向财政平衡的需要和地区合作博弈的结果,产生了横向财政转移支付的概念。我国历史上并不存在横向转移的实践,但在我国缩小地区差距、构建和谐社会的过程中,需要建立横向财政转移支付法律制度,当前的财政改革和立法背景也提供了建立这一制度的现实契机。在我们正在修改的《预算法》和将要制定的《转移支付法》中,应该对横向财政转移支付制度予以规定,相关的配套改革也有待继续推进。     

Living and working as a domestic worker in the Middle East: the experience of migrant returnees in Girana town,North Wollo,Ethiopia

ABSTRACT

This article explores the migration experiences of Ethiopian migrant returnees from domestic work in the Gulf countries and Lebanon. The returnees reside in the town of Girana located in Habru sub-district, North Wollo zone of Amhara region. There is much female work migration to the Arab Middle East from the town, particularly to Saudi Arabia through Muslim pilgrimage. Employing a qualitative method, the study examines how the returnee women perceived and experienced labour migration and analyzes the impacts of labour migration on childcare, family survival back home, and debt payment. The returnees made voluntary regular and irregular labour migration to the region and engaged in domestic work, which is not preferred by the host society. However, domestic work is unregulated by the labour policy of the destination countries. This made the returnees’ employment situation rather exploitative, exacerbating their vulnerability to abuses, ethnic denigration, and undermining of cultural identity.     

不完全给付之证明责任探究

在对不完全给付各要件证明责任的讨论中，最具争议的是可归责性要件的证明责任分配。德国和日本学界主张可归责性事由为债务人的免责事由，应当由债务人负责举证。而我国台湾地区学者认为根据证明责任的一般分配原则，该要件的证明责任应当由债权人承担，但在具体案件中出现证明责任倒置的情况时则由债务人承担。目前我国法律条文尚未对不完全给付的证明责任进行明文规定，所以应当依证明责任的一般分配原则由债权人进行举证。继而为了减轻弱势方的证明负担，法官应当运用经验法则、表见证明等原理；证明妨碍规则和案件事实解明义务也可以帮助法官认定事实。     

侵权责任法争点要议——从规范创制的实然与应然价值视角论之

应当看到,在民法体系中,侵权责任法几乎涵盖了财产与人身损害的所有情形,并成为债法的重要组成部分,无疑,权利保护与义务负担是其厘清责任所必需的核心价值要素,然而,这一切又是通过诉讼权利予之实现的,由此可见,一部法律的致臻完善不仅要赋予当事人应有的实体权利,同时亦应设定必要的诉讼管道,即"无救济则无权利"。显然,我国侵权责任法较之发达国家立法例而言在对权利保护和责任负担以及救济方式上显有欠缺。故此,导致在规范的科学性、权利的充分性与责任的完整性等方面的争议不断。     

论非工伤侵权基本医疗保险先行支付问题

我国《社会保险法》第30条第2款规定了先行支付制度,由于当前的规定不够细致,在实际运用中出现了一些问题。先行支付,应在把握保障参保人基本利益的原则、补偿性原则和追偿原则的前提下,从申请、审核与支付、追偿三个环节来完善。