Amino acid alanine reactivity with the fingerprint reagent ninhydrin. A detailed ab initio computational study

Ninhydrin is one of the most widely used reagents for chemical development of fingerprints on porous surfaces. The detection is based on the reaction of ninhydrin with a monoacidic component of the fingerprint to form an intensively colored compound named Ruhemann's Purple. A computational study of the mechanisms and reaction energetics of the formation of Ruhemann's Purple from ninhydrin and alanine is presented. Such a study is significant from a forensic science point of view because of the strong interest in the forensic chemistry and law enforcement communities in developing alternatives to the current generation of ninhydrin like chemicals for the detection and development of latent fingerprints. Information about the mechanism of reaction between ninhydrin and amino acids can ultimately help to design compounds with stronger chromo-fluorogenic properties in aid of detecting fingerprints at crime scenes. The three most accepted mechanisms of formation have been considered using ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. At relatively high temperature ( approximately 100 degrees C) all three mechanisms are energetically feasible. However since it is recommended that forensic analyses be performed at room temperature, a revised mechanism is proposed for the formation of Ruhemann's Purple under this condition.     

政府系统副职职能转型、规模控制与组织法治

改革政府系统副职现状,是政府机构改革的有机部分,是政府组织、法治化、科学化的基本要求。加快政府组织法治化进程,完善政府组织法的框架和内容,在政府职能转变的基础上继续推进"大部制"改革,提升部门地位和权能,实现政府系统副职职能转型和规模控制,对于推进法治政府建设和实现政府组织体系科学化,具有重大的现实意义。     

Application of photoluminescent CdS/PAMAM nanocomposites in fingerprint detection

Uniform and well-dispersed photoluminescent semiconductor CdS (cadmium sulfide) QDs (quantum dots) were in situ prepared inside Generation 4.0-NH(2) PAMAM (polyamidoamine) dendrimers in methanol, methanol and water mixed solutions of volume ratio 1:9, respectively. The prepared solutions containing photoluminescent semiconductor CdS QDs were utilized for detection of cyanoacrylate ester fumed fingerprints on tinfoil. The results show that fumed latent fingerprints treated with prepared CdS/PAMAM nanocomposites in methanol, 1:9 methanol:water mixed solutions emit pale yellow-green and orange luminescence respectively under ultraviolet excitation of 365 nm from an UV LED. Fumed fingerprints were successfully detected with good resolving rate and the mechanism was studied in detail.     

A Rapid,Confirmatory Test for Body Fluid Identification,

We have developed a technique that allows investigators to confirm the presence of blood, semen, and/or saliva in a crime scene sample. It is a confirmatory test where multiple samples can be processed in less than an hour, and it is potentially portable, permitting samples to be processed at the crime scene. Samples at a scene giving a positive result can be further processed while those failing to do so may be ignored. There is a large and growing backlog of DNA evidence in the USA, slowing down the criminal justice system. This backlog has continued to grow despite an increase in the ability to process evidence faster. This technique uses quantum dot molecular beacons to test for tissue‐specific RNA species, identifying particular body fluids. We have demonstrated the tissue specificity of molecular beacons for blood, semen, and saliva.     

Better than Fuller: A Two Interests Model of Remedies for Breach of Contract

The attempt to combine the contractual interests properly so‐called with the restitution interest in the Fuller and Purdue three interests model of remedies for breach of contract is ineradicably incoherent. Stimulated by reflection on contemporary restitution doctrine's understanding of the quasi‐contractual remedies of recovery and quantum meruit, this paper argues that the complete elimination from the law of contract of the restitution interest, which incorporates those remedies into the three interests model, would improve both the coherence of the model of contractual interests and the substantive law of remedies for breach.     

布鲁氏菌血清抗体量子点荧光微球检测试纸条的研制

为研制一种现场快速筛查布鲁氏菌病的免疫层析试纸条,本研究以量子点荧光微球作为示踪物,共价偶联布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白OMP22,并将布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白OMP28和抗OMP22的单克隆抗体喷涂于硝酸纤维素膜上分别作为检测线和质控线,组装试纸条。结果显示,量子点荧光微球试纸条检测阳性血清的最大稀释度为1∶512,检测布鲁氏菌病阳性血清的敏感性为99%,特异性为98%,与虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)的符合率为99%。且与结核病、蓝舌病、病毒性腹泻、口蹄疫及小反刍兽疫血清无交叉反应。上述结果表明量子点荧光微球免疫层析试纸条检测速度快、灵敏度高、特异性强且成本低,适用于布鲁氏菌病的现场筛查。     

水溶性碲化镉量子点溶液显现血潜指纹

目的建立巯基丁二酸修饰的水溶性碲化镉量子点溶液（MSA/CdTe QDs）显现多种客体表面的血潜指纹的方法。方法利用量子点对人体血液成分的特异性标识作用,365nm紫外光激发使其荧光显像。结果 MSA/CdTe溶液显现时间显著短于文献报导的同类方法;显现效果和灵敏度优于显现血潜指纹常用试剂四甲基联苯胺和氨基黑10B。结论水溶性MSA/CdTe溶液适于显现多种客体表面的血潜指纹,效果优异。     

日龄和感染量对柔嫩艾美球虫感染鸡组织病理学变化的影响

采用组织切片技术,观察了用不同剂量柔嫩艾美球虫(E.tenella)YL株孢子化卵囊感染的同一日龄雏鸡和用同一剂量柔嫩艾美球虫YL株孢子化卵囊感染的不同日龄雏鸡的组织病理学变化,并对不同组别的卵囊和配子体数量进行了统计。结果显示,不同剂量组中,1×105卵囊感染组配子体和卵囊的产量明显高于1×103和1×104卵囊感染组,其组织病理学变化也明显,但在感染后第9~11 d,1×103和1×104感染组卵囊数较1×105组多;同一剂量(每只鸡1×103卵囊)感染时11日龄雏鸡的组织病理学变化明显,说明鸡的日龄越大卵囊产量越高。     

SPARE THE CHILD AND HIT THE POCKET: TOWARD A JURISPRUDENCE ON DOMESTIC ABUSE AS A QUANTUM FACTOR IN FINANCIAL OUTCOMES ON RELATIONSHIP BREAKDOWN

Should domestic abuse, rightly condemned so often by the family courts, be a factor in the financial outcome on relationship breakdown? If so, how should it be taken into account? As a pure factor of economic loss? As part of either negative contribution by one or the greater positive contribution by the other? Only if exceptional violence? Or as part of society's condemnation of domestic abuse? What difference is there between abuse which has a direct financial impact, for example, on future earning or needs and abuse which has no obvious outward financial impact? If there were to be any compensatory element, how does this fit in with other quantum factors? This article looks at developments on this issue in a number of countries, to share lessons learned, consider some of the problems of introducing abuse as a quantum factor, and start to consider a jurisprudence on when it is and is not appropriate as a factor, with a view to encouraging a wider debate.     

（Re）Integrating spirituality into higher education

This article examines the issue of accountability and governance among higher learning institutions in discharging their duties to inculcate good behaviour and mould their graduates into human business leaders. In order to appreciate the role of higher education and the requirement of the market place for graduates, we go backward in origin into the past to learn the education philosophy that has shaped today＇s vocation. The distinctiveness of this article is that we review the advances in the science of quantum physics to understand the current worldview of reality. The way forward for higher learning institution to reintegrate spirituality in molding young generation who actualize authentic leadership and rightness-of-action founded upon the interconnectedness model of the universe is deliberated.