How foreign policy recommendations are put together: A computational model with empirical applications

This paper presents and applies empirically a computational model of the way in which bona fide high level foreign policy recommendations by U.S. policy makers are assembled. We begin by pointing out that policy making can be seen as the connection of certain strings of words to other strings. We then discuss how these connections constitute certain types of foreign policy making phenomena as such. To theorize about such connections, one first needs to specify essential features of these phenomena, and we do so for one phenomenon: bona fide recommendations. We next turn to a discussion of the theory that links together the categories by which these features are represented. That theory explains how certain strings of words are assembled into new proximate goals, missions, and tools. The theory can be modeled computationally using the programming language Scheme, and we next present that model. We conclude by presenting a run of the model, showing the close fit between actual and generated strings.     

以更先进的教育理念和更开放的办学思路走出国门——云南警官学院警务交流代表团访问泰国柬埔寨感悟

云南警官学院经升本后7年的建设和发展.已具备了较强的办学实力,应该以更先进的教育理念和更开放的办学思路,放眼全国、放眼东南亚,在加强与国内外的交流合作中拓展办学空间、层次、规模和质量.     

论联合国大陆架界限委员会在外大陆架划界中的作用——兼谈中国及周边国家的外大陆架申请

《海洋法公约》关于外大陆架申请期限的规定,导致大批国家近期向联合国大陆架界限委员会提出了申请。大陆架界限委员会的主要职能是在审议沿海国提交的划界案的基础上,就有关划定外大陆架外部界限的事项向沿海国提出建议。大陆架划界委员会所做出的建议既非一个司法式的判决,又非一个纯粹的参考意见。沿海国基于委员会的建议而划定的外大陆架外部界限具有"确定性和拘束力"。在当前的情势下,中国在掌握充分的科学技术数据编写好我们自己的外大陆架划界申请案的同时,还应注意妥善处理与日本、菲律宾、越南等周边一些国家之间的相关争端,以更好地维护我国的主权和国家利益。     

立法后评估：法律体系形成后的一项重要工作

中国特色社会主义法律体系基本形成,我国立法迎来从数量型发展向质量型发展的转折,立法后评估成为提高立法质量不可或缺的重要手段。本文以对重庆市地方性法规的评估研究报告为依据,阐述立法后评估的特点、主体、对象、内容、标准等一系列理论和实践问题,并就克服当前立法后评估遇到的制度困境提出了对策建议。     

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF REFERRAL ISSUES AND “ULTIMATE ISSUE” RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PARENTS IN CHILD PROTECTION CASES*

Mental health professionals frequently respond to requests for clinical information on parents in child protection cases; however, little data exist on the issues precipitating requests or on the controversial practice of offering “ultimate issue” recommendations in forensic clinical reports. We investigated 243 requests for clinical information on parents and 204 clinician reports submitted for use in child abuse and neglect proceedings in a large, urban juvenile court system. We coded 56 objective and qualitative characteristics regarding referral questions, pending legal issues, and four levels of recommendations. We found that the most common referral questions related to service planning, parenting ability, and/or parents' mental health functioning, and the most common pending legal issues were selection or change of a permanency goal and visitation arrangements. Levels of recommendations varied with type of legal decision, in that clinicians always offered direct recommendations for narrow, statute‐based issues (e.g., termination of rights, adoption) and less so for other issues. Community‐based evaluators were more likely to offer direct recommendations than court‐based clinicians. Based on the findings, we offer practice recommendations and directions for further research in forensic parenting assessment.     

行政公益诉讼制度优化的三个转向

我国行政公益诉讼司法实践经历了地方探索、改革试点、全面法治三个阶段,法律体系初步建立,但在受案范围、起诉主体、诉前程序、举证责任等方面仍存在诸多缺漏.优化我国行政公益诉讼制度,应实现三个转向:立法模式实现从包容论向独立论的转变,诉讼类型实现从救济型诉讼向预防型诉讼的转变,规则构建实现从粗陋向细化的转变.通过制定《公益诉...     

公众预期对我国房地产宏观调控政策影响分析

1998年以来中国的房地产宏观调控发展历程经历了五阶段,各阶段公众预期呈现出不同的特征,并对调控政策效果产生了影响。因此,房地产市场调控政策的出台必须从调整房地产市场供求关系、建立长效机制、加强媒体与舆论的引导和管理以及保持政策的连续性、稳定性和长期性等加强公众预期管理等方面考虑。     

公安行政处罚适用中的人权保障问题

公安行政处罚是公安行政执法中运用最广泛最严厉的具体行政行为。新颁布的《治安管理处罚法》明确规定，实施治安行政处罚，应当公开、公正，尊重和保障人权。当前，公安行政处罚中人权保障的状况如何，在公安行政处罚中如何加强和体现对人权的切实保障，本文试围绕这两方面问题加以分析、阐述。     

对涉外定牌加工行为的再思考--以知识产权海关保护执法实践为视角

近年来，涉外定牌加工是否构成侵权，在司法界、理论界一直争论不休，相关案例的判决结果也各不相同，不仅给行政执法领域的执法者带来诸多困惑，也给承揽加工企业、境内外商标注册人带来诸多困扰。关于涉外定牌加工行为是否构成侵权，先前已有诸多学者、专家撰文阐述，现从海关执法实践出发，通过梳理近年来海关查获的涉外定牌加工案例及相关案例法院判决情况，进行利弊分析，对如何优化涉外定牌加工行为侵权与否的认定程序和标准展开讨论；提出应以我国商标权地域性作为认定涉外定牌加工是否构成侵权的主要原则，同时将违反诚实信用原则的情形予以例外处置，并引入反担保放行、简易程序等进一步优化对涉外定牌加工案件的处理程序，以期进一步平衡双方当事人权利义务，积极推进建立公平、有序、健康的市场经济秩序。     

COMMENTARY ON TIPPINS AND WITTMANN'S "EMPIRICAL AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS WITH CUSTODY RECOMMENDATIONS:

Although in substantial agreement with Tippins and Wittmann's analysis, their call for a moratorium on the practice of custody evaluators making recommendations to the court does not solve the many problems that they have raised, and may have unintended consequences which place families at even greater risk. This commentary reflects our agreement with some of the authors' major points of contention, focuses on several points of disagreement, and suggests alternative remedies for the shortcomings and ethical problems described in child custody evaluations.