与伦勃朗对话

西方现实主义大师伦勃朗,一生波澜起伏的人生遭际,对他艺术的创作产生重大的影响。笔者试图分析大师的人生变化,揭示艺术的真谛,对他的人文思想、技法特点及自画像进行艺术剖析。     

小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中caspase-3的表达及其活性

目的探讨皮肤切创愈合过程caspase-3的表达、激活情况及其活性的变化规律。方法建立小鼠皮肤切创模型后,应用比色法、Western blotting技术对小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中不同时间段caspase-3的表达、激活情况及其活性进行研究。结果伤后不同时间的caspase-3活性倍增值、caspase-3酶原表达呈现时间规律性变化,并可见caspase-3的激活片段。结论caspase-3可能在皮肤损伤愈合过程中细胞的凋亡中发挥作用,caspase-3可以成为用于皮肤损伤时间推断的指标。     

Postmortem Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Gunshot Wounds to the Neck

Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is rarely used for the radiologic assessment of gunshot injuries, although it has clear advantages over postmortem computed tomography (CT) with regard to the imaging of soft tissue injuries. Another benefit in using MRI is that lodged projectiles composed of nonferromagnetic material such as lead present only marginal metal artifacts compared with severe artifacts on CT. This case report presents CT and MRI findings in a case with two gunshot wounds to the neck: a perforating wound and a nonperforating wound with a lead bullet lodged in the cervical spine. The decedent underwent CT and MRI before the scheduled autopsy. A ring of radiopaque material under the dermis in the fatty tissue was identified at both entrance wounds on CT, which was indicative of contact shots. The perforating gunshot was clearly indicated on CT by bullet fragments along the wound channel through the perforated 6th cervical vertebra and the fractured cricoid cartilage at the exit wound. The second trajectory, however, was only assumed based on the presence of gunshot residues at the entrance wound and the position of the lodged bullet. The radiologic assessment was severely impeded by the metal artifacts on CT. Barely noticeable metal artifacts on MRI allowed for clear visualization of the soft tissue injuries and the ruptured medulla oblongata. Only MRI clarified the soft tissue injuries of the brainstem noninvasively, which could provide specific and graphic information on the rapidity of death and the incapacitation of the victim.     

DNA Recovery From Tape-Lifting Kits: Methodology and Practice

In the case of suspicious deaths, the technique of 1:1 taping is often used in Belgium. It consists of affixing a large number of adhesive tapes to the body of the victim. It is conventionally aimed at obtaining microtraces (e.g., fibers, hair) and is usually not used for DNA analysis. However, in some cases, DNA analysis of certain areas of interest identified on the 1:1 taping material can offer a last resort solution. The four-step method that is described in this article involves the selection of areas of interest on the body (Step 1), the selection of the corresponding tapes (Step 2), the decontamination of the tapes (Step 3), the selection of areas of interest on the tapes, for DNA sampling (Step 4). The method is illustrated by its successful application in four murder cases. In each case, DNA profiles of good quality could be identified, including profiles of persons different from the victim.     

损伤皮肤中白三烯B_4含量测定与损伤时间推断

本文作者利用高压液相色谱,快速检测大鼠皮肤切创创缘组织中白三烯B_4含量。结果发现,生前各损伤时间组创缘中白三烯B_4含量明显升高,且在1小时内与损伤时间有一定线性关系;死后损伤标本未见白三烯B_4含量升高。由此表明白三烯B_4含量测定,对推断生前1小时内的损伤时间有重要价值。高压液相色谱能快速、准确地检测损伤组织中的白三烯B_4。     

血友病人单纯外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的法医学鉴定1例

外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血(Traumatic Subarachnoid Haemorrhage,简称TSAH)在法医病理实践和临床法医鉴定中并不少见,但有关血友病人在头面部轻微外伤后出现单纯性TSAH的相关报道较少,在临床法医鉴定中有一起损伤和疾病同时存在的特殊案例,在该案例鉴定中有一些体会值得借鉴。     

具有前置物的枪弹创射入口的形态学研究

对11例枪弹贯通障碍物后射入人体所形成的射入口的形态进行了观察与研究。结果表明，有前置物的射入口与单纯枪弹射入口的形态有明显不同，且受多种因素影响，形态各异。根据11例有前置物的射入口形态特征，分为混合及单纯两种类型，并对其形成机理、诊断依据以及实际应用意义进行了讨论。     

体外培养FBs损伤模型的建立及细胞免疫组化研究

首次应用培养人胎肺成纤维细胞 (FBs)损伤模型 ,体外研究创缘FBs合成细胞型纤维连接蛋白 (cellu larfibronectins,cFn)的变化与损伤时间的关系。结果表明 ,损伤使处于静息状态的融合FBs成为具有运动能力和增殖能力的活跃细胞。应用免疫组化ABC法结合图像分析技术 ,观察伤后不同时间创缘FBs内cFn的含量变化。伤后 1h ,可以检测到cFn有变化 ,且在伤后 6h内 ,cFn逐渐增多 ,其变化与损伤时间呈正相关。这对今后应用cFn与损伤时间推断的研究提供了科学依据 ,同时为法医学损伤时间研究开辟了新的途径。     

皮肤损伤愈合中NOS的表达及NO的作用

皮肤损伤愈合是机体保持组织完整性的一个有组织的过程,需要炎症细胞、生物化学介质之间的复杂作用。一氧化氮合酶(nitricoxidesynthase,NOS)是皮肤组织损伤愈合过程中的一个重要因子,合成一氧化氮(nitricoxide),生成的一氧化氮参与损伤愈合的全过程,在炎症介导,细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡及血管形成、基质沉积和损伤后组织重构中均发挥重要作用,而且在某些皮肤疾病中,NO也具有重要作用。本文针对近年来NOS在损伤愈合过程中的研究进展,综述了在皮肤损伤愈合过程中NOS的表达和NO的作用,认为NOS是皮肤损伤愈合机制的一个重要方面,具有深入研究的必要。     

不同损伤时间大鼠皮肤切创 Fos表达研究

目的研究皮肤切创在伤后不同时间段 Fos的表达 . 方法在大鼠皮肤切创模型石蜡切片上进行 Fos免疫组化染色 . 结果伤后 10min, 表达量开始增高 , 伤后 3h达高峰 , 以后又逐渐降低 , 至损伤 1d后 , 表达量与对照组无显著性差别 . 结论 Fos为皮肤伤后的敏感指标 , 但需结合其他指标综合评价 .