深化对社会必要劳动时间的认识

社会必要劳动时间是马克思劳动价值论的一个重要概念，当前理论界所认为的两种含义的社会必要劳动时间虽在价值决定中具有不同的意义，但在本质上二者具有同一性。二者之间是一种由抽象到具体，由一般到个别的关系。我们之所以对两种含义的社会必要劳动时间进行区别分析并深入探讨其在价值决定中的作用，目的不是将二者对立起来，而是想更加科学地去解释二者对价值决定的根本影响和作用。     

律师执业权限扩展的制度应对——以检察机关制度完善为视角

我国于2008年6月1日实施的新《律师法》使律师的执业权限得到了进一步的扩展，打破了原来诉辩制度的平衡。因此，制衡的检察机关如何从制度层面上提升并完善权力的配置将具有重要的现实意义。检察机关可在检察权的完善、检察职能的内部配置以及建立证人保护制度、辩诉交易制度、检察机关内部审查制度等方面加以应对。     

论网络虚拟财产的刑法保护

网络虚拟财产又称网财 ,是指游戏中的帐号、货号、装备、级别、段位、宠物等网上物资的总称。网络虚拟财产属于无形财产 ,是具有价值和使用价值的商品。伴随网财交易市场的日渐形成 ,网络虚拟财产犯罪的打击和监管已成为必要。网络虚拟财产犯罪主体的高发群体是青年 ,客观方面表现为隐蔽性和智能性 ,客体方面表现为多样性。处理网络虚拟财产犯罪的基本原则是拓展现行刑法关于妨害社会管理秩序罪及财产犯罪的适用范围 ,在刑法不能涵盖的地方作出补充和修改。     

论行政合同之功能与救济

行政合同兼有行政性与合意性的特征,其拓展了行政管理手段,有利于更好地实现行政目的及保护行政相对人的权利,具有控制行政权力、减少和避免行政纠纷的功能.因此,行政合同既要适用行政法,又要适用民法.大陆法系与英美法系国家对行政合同适用不同的救济方式.在我国,行政诉讼救济途径是行政合同救济的必由之路.     

A Commentary on Ward and Stewart's Model of Human Needs

Abstract

It is often assumed that offenders employ socially desirable responding when completing self-report questionnaires, thereby invalidating such measures. The aim of this study is to examine the extent that sexual offenders employ socially desirable responding and the impact that socially desirable responding, as measured by the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding-6 (BIDR: 6, Paulhus, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 598–609, 1984), has on self-report measures. The sample comprised 1730 adult males, all convicted and serving a sentence for a sexual offence. The entire sample had completed a set of self-report measures used to identify treatment needs, and examine progress in treatment. The results indicate that the extent of socially desirable responding is smaller than assumed, and its impact on a number of self-report measures is lower than expected. Furthermore, lower levels of risk of sexual re-offending were significantly associated with higher scores on the impression management subscale. We suggest that impression management should be viewed as more of a trait-like tendency rather than a validity check, and the use of this scale in determining whether or not to interpret other self-report instruments should be questioned. The present study also indicates that self-report questionnaires used with forensic populations may be accurate and valid. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

治安处罚行政诉讼应诉策略研究

《治安管理处罚法》修改了《治安管理处罚条例》关于复议前置的作法,给被处罚人创造了直接向人民法院提起行政诉讼的机会,也将加大了公安机关在治安处罚案件中被告的压力,加强公安机关应诉策略研究,有助于指导公安机关应对即将大幅增加的治安处罚行政诉讼,提高胜诉质量,维护公安机关的合法权益。     

False stories from the history of Mostar

ABSTRACT

This visual essay presents a set of stories written for a performative walk in public space, complemented with a short reflection and documentary graphic material. The art intervention, titled ‘False stories from the history of Mostar’, was conceived and performed by Abart – an art production platform started in the city of Mostar in 2008 to work on contextual forms of socially engaged art practices. The intervention addressed eight problematic sites in the city, through fictional stories which aimed to expose the underlying processes shaping the transitional management of space in Mostar.     

行政审判的价值转向——运用文本分析与实践考察的方法

通过对《最高人民法院公报》近五年的司法政策进行梳理分析,及对基层人民法院的行政审判实践进行实证考察,推断与印证了行政审判的外部环境与内部结构均发生着深刻的变革。基于总结与反思,提出完善行政审判制度,修改《行政诉讼法》以及构建与行政审判相衔接的多元化纠纷化解机制,以期能实质性地化解行政争议。     

The Shadow Price of Social Change and Its Evaluation

This paper analyzes the “shadow price” of social transformation. For the first time, an attempt was made to determine the approaches to measuring this value with regard to nonmarket phenomena and processes, and to apply these approaches in an empirical analysis, based on a representative survey in Russia (N = 1,000) using experimental situations.

Specifically, it quantitatively evaluates (1) the degree of divergence between the real and the ideal structure of the time budget of several important domains of social life; (2) the ratio of social ills to social benefits; (3) individual public welfare functions; and (4) the social cost, legitimated by citizens, of reproducing two fundamental public goods: “the capacity to maintain ‘superpower’ status” and “the well-being of the future generations.”

The authors introduce and operationalize the novel concept of the socially suboptimal product of labor, that is, the product resulting from alienated (or unwilling) labor, and conversely, the product that could potentially result from using unutilized willing labor. In doing so we support the idea of distinguishing productive and unproductive forms within both the notion of labor and the notion of leisure. Aggregated estimates of these values show the share of gross domestic product (GDP) that could be optimized due to a redistribution of the time budget of the population between the main areas of life, according to ideal social preferences.

The balance of social benefits and social ills resulting from the life experiences and activities of individuals is empirically evaluated. We consider this balance, which is the sum of impacts of the social environment on the individual, as a suitable model for explaining how individuals make decisions about whether or not to participate in public life.

“Individual public welfare functions” are assessed empirically, demonstrating that individual utility depends on personal and collective consumption. Empirical testing covered a wide range of nation-building areas with public investment in relevant types of merit and public goods.

Then the authors propose and test on empirical data an opportunity cost approach to evaluating socially legitimate amounts of funding for the fundamental social benefits “superpower” or “additional power” of the nation.

The cost of the public good “well-being of the future generations” is calculated for the Russian sample.

Finally, the estimates of the discount rates of human lives and “healthy and prosperous years of life” were obtained for Russia for the first time.

The findings of the study are relevant for the efficient management of complex socioeconomic systems. The authors strongly believe that revealing the structure of existing social preferences and estimating their impact on various areas of social life will help improve policymaking by explicitly taking into account the specifics of the real social contract between the state and society.     

利益博弈时代公益诉讼的机制模式研究

利益搏奕时代下,利益群体分化组合导致利益主体多元化和利益形式多样化,出现私人利益、集体利益、国家利益、社会利益和公共利益的划分,传统诉讼理念以私益救济为核心的制度安排逐渐受到挑战。科技管理活动具有公共效益性和公共侵害性双重特征,往往易出现公、私利益的交叉和冲突,公益诉讼是解决科技管理中公、私利益矛盾的重要途径和长效机制。我们以法经济学分析为视角来考量公益诉讼的机理,并在对公益诉讼理念重新凝练的基础上构建了公益诉讼的机制模式。