法律的统一对民法法典化的影响

自19世纪以来,大陆法系各国纷纷制定颁布了自己的民法典,掀起了制定民法典的浪潮。然而,在论及制定颁布民法典的原因时,多数学者往往忽视法律的统一这一因素对其的影响。实际上,从大陆法系各主要国家制定颁布民法典的最直接、最现实的目的来看,都是基于对已有分散的法律进行统一的需要。基于同样的原因,英美法系的国家也制定颁布了民事单行法。     

The Influence of Advisers and Decision Strategies on Foreign Policy Choices: President Clinton's Decision to Use Force in Kosovo

In the following paper, I analyze the influence of advisers and domestic political factors on President Clinton's decision to use force against Slobodan Milosevic and the Serbs in Kosovo in March 1999. I present an analysis and examination of President Clinton's decision-making process, using press reports, personal speeches, etc. In other words, I attempt to trace the process by which Clinton came to the decision to use force in Yugoslavia. Specifically, using the poliheuristic theory, I argue that President Clinton's decision was influenced by noncompensatory domestic political calculations and the strong influence of his Secretary of State, Madeleine K. Albright. Examining how advisers interact with one another, their status in the advisory group, and the manner in which presidents solicit information from advisers will further our understanding of how, when, and under what conditions national security-level decision makers make decisions.     

中国刑事技术专家数据库建设的质量控制

质量是数据库建设的核心。本文从数据库建设的实践出发,探讨了从标准化、规范化,严格建设中的工作程序,强化检索功能,加强日常性维护,增强建设人员的教育培训等五个方面加强数据库质量控制的可行性与必要性。     

论高素质侦查专业人才的培养

培养高素质侦查专业人才有着十分重要的意义,它是提高公安民警素质,加强公安队伍建设的需要;是创造良好社会环境,全面建设小康社会的需要;是维护社会稳定,巩固执政党地位的需要。要培养高素质的侦查专业人才,就必须改革课程体系和教学方法,进一步加强师资队伍建设。     

公安专门人才“定单式”培养模式研究

创新与完善人才培养模式是公安教育改革创新的重要标志,文章论述了公安教育体制改革新形势下的公安专门人才“定单式”培养模式的客观必然性和内涵特点,以及实施过程中的应对措施。     

“事实自己说明”在英美医疗过失诉讼中的应用——兼与我国医疗侵权的举证责任分配相比较

在英美过失侵权中,通过“事实自己说明”原则的适用,推断出被告具有过失,举证责任转移至被告。在医疗过失案件中,“事实自己说明”适用于不需要专家证据,“一般人通过常识即可推断出被告具有过失”的情形。在我国医疗侵权诉讼中,实行的是双重推定。比较“事实自己说明”与双重推定,我国的双重推定违背了侵权法的预防与补偿功能。导致防御性医疗的出现,不利于医患关系的和谐。建议修改我国的双重推定制度,仅对于不需要鉴定即可推断被告有过失的简单情形,才可实行过失推定。     

Select committees in the UK House of Lords: the economic affairs committee

ABSTRACT

The Select Committees of the House of Lords enjoy a high reputation. But is this merited? In particular, do their reports have any effect on real-world policy? A detailed analysis of the work of the Economic Affairs Committee from 2010 to 2014 by Lord Lipsey, a member of the committee, reveals a patchy record though with some striking results, for example, with regard to reform of the ‘Big 4’ auditors. It shows that obtaining press coverage of the committee's reports was central to their subsequent effect on policy-making.     

Mutual and unilateral cooperation in arms race settings

Accounts of numerous historical and contemporary arms races suggest that cooperation, in the form of a slowdown, freeze, or reduction, is uncommon and difficult to achieve. Analytical and empirical results from the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game which, it is argued, closely resemble the structure and decision problems facing arms race participants, demonstrate that cooperation is unlikely but possible. In this analysis, the analytical conditions under which cooperation is individually “rational” (in an expected payoff sense) are discussed in detail. Then, the stumbling blocks to cooperation, even when individually rational, are discussed. No absolute solution is offered since none appears to exist. However, institutional, structural and mediating devices which can make cooperation more likely are suggested.     

论医师的专家责任

专家因其特殊的身份,在职业活动中负有特殊的义务,如高度注意义务、忠实义务、保密义务等等。医师若违反这些义务就应承担相应的专家责任,如医师违反高度注意义务的专家责任、违反忠实义务的专家责任、违反说明义务的专家责任、违反保密义务的专家责任。但在某些情况下,医生的专家责任又是可以被免除的。     

政府法律顾问制度模式研究——以律师职业为视角

完善政府法律顾问制度是全面推进依法治国的客观要求,是深入推进依法行政,加快法治政府建设的需要。因此,应加大政府法律顾问对政府工作的参与程度,建立以发现和预防为主的政府法律顾问制度工作机制,准确定位顾问律师与政府之间的关系,保证顾问律师的独立性。