浅析模糊限制语在政治访谈中的表现形式

模糊限制语(hedge)是指一些“把事物弄得模模糊糊的词语”。这些词语就话语的真实程度或涉及范围,对话语的内容进行修正或限定,表明说话人的态度、主观认识与评价。英语中存在着大量模糊限制语。模糊限制语不仅是说话者保持面子的一种策略,而且在政治访谈中更是一种目标。     

儿童证人问题的心理学分析

在心理认知科学发展的背景下,对儿童作证主体之适格性问题的争论已经转变为对儿童证言的可靠性的判断。儿童证人由于其生理和心理的特点决定了其记忆信息的编码、贮存、和提取方面存在着不足,但不能因此否认儿童作证的适格性。相反,应根据儿童的身心特点,制订出相应可行的实践操作原则以提高儿童证人证言的可靠性。     

测验与访谈在公正性上的较量——关于警察心理测试公正性的探讨

由于职业的特殊性 ,警察的心理素质对其工作有着特殊的重要性。近年来 ,对警察心理素质的日益关注使得许多单位在选拔警察时都加强了对其心理素质的考核 ,但人们在热衷于心理测试的同时 ,却对测试中的公正性缺乏足够的关注。通过对访谈与测验两种测试方式在公正性上的比较 ,探讨警察心理测试技术中的公正性问题颇具现实意义。     

“晕轮效应”对考录公务员面试考官的影响与应对

"晕轮效应"是一种主观心理臆测,是一个不可忽视、又无处不在的评价偏见,具有片面性、表面性和弥散性的特点。它存在于考官队伍中,对公务员的选拔工作会造成负面影响。"晕轮效应"作为一种心理现象,在公务员的面试过程中是不可消除的,因此,应该从主观上主动地去避免、克制,并且还要建立严格的选人用人制度,在客观上防止"晕轮效应"的出现,使"晕轮效应"的影响降到最低程度,保证面试的科学性和可靠性,努力做到公平、公开、公正地选拔人才,求得面试的效果最佳。     

律师会见权检视——以看守所为视角简

看守所在刑事诉讼中具有稀缺性,故可以通过观察刑事辩护在看守所中的运行检视刑事诉讼法的执行状态.看守所、侦查机关均存在基于查明犯罪事实、惩罚犯罪分子的价值取向而限制或者变相剥夺刑事辩护律师会见权的现象.刑事辩护律师会见权被限制或者变相剥夺或许存在刑事诉讼法确定的辩护制度虚置、法律共同体面临撕毁、法治信仰难于形成的社会管理风险.     

Understanding Children's Use of Secrecy in the Context of Eyewitness Reports

To investigate socioemotional influences on children's eyewitness accuracy, we examined children's reports for activities they were motivated to conceal. Forty-eight 3–6-year-old children participated in a standardized play session with their mothers. Half of the children were told by an experimenter not to play with certain toys, but did so at the urging of their mothers, who told their children to keep the play activities secret. The remaining children were not restricted from playing with the toys, nor told by their mothers to keep the play activities secret. Later, all children were interviewed about the activities with free narrative and detailed questions. Half were given an interview that consisted of highly suggestive questions; half were given an interview consisting of specific, less suggestive questions. Results indicated that older children who were instructed to keep events secret withheld more information than did older children not told to keep events secret. Younger children's reports were not significantly affected by the secret manipulation. There were no significant effects associated with interview type. We discuss implications for understanding the development of children's knowledge and use of secrecy, and applications of the research to issues that arise when child witnesses give reports in legal contexts.     

The evolution of party images and party system in Taiwan, 1992–2004

This article examines the evolution of party images in Taiwan between 1992 and 2004. It shows that party images are not immutable, as while the DPP gained more positive images, the other parties gained more negative images during the research period. The results show that the Taiwanese parties have quite distinct party images. Taiwanese voters often tend to use ethnic background and the cross-Strait relations to define the parties. Party images also play a significant role in Taiwanese voting behaviour, even when other variables are controlled. Voters tend to vote for the parties that they have favourable impressions of. The results also have implications for how political parties package themselves to attract more votes and on the development of the party system in Taiwan.     

When Initial Interviews Are Delayed a Year: Effect on Children's 2-Year Recall

Three- to nine-year-old children were interviewed about a medical emergency (injury requiring hospital ER treatment) two years after it occurred. Half of the number of children had been interviewed shortly after injury as well as 6 and 12 months later, while the remaining children had had only one prior interview a year after injury. There was remarkably little long-term deterioration in memory by both groups. Having a delayed initial interview had two effects, and both were relevant only to the harder-to-remember hospital treatment event: (a) The late-interview group was less accurate, and (b) early-interview children had more extensive free recall, suggesting that multiple prior interviews teach children the “rules of the memory game' when they are asked open-ended questions. Forensic implications are discussed.     

Patricia Williams: Inflecting Critical Race Theory

Critical Race Theory (C.R.T.) has developed out of a deep dissatisfaction that many black legal scholars in the U.S. felt with liberal civil rights discourse, a discourse premised upon the ideals of assimilation, ‘colour-blindness’ and integration. In addition, the emergence of the Critical Legal Studies movement provided Critical Race theorists with an innovative lexicon and practice which allowed them to develop a critique of traditional race analysis and U.S. law. Patricia Williams has played a key role in the formation of the C.R.T. movement and is concerned with many of the C.R.T. themes: the understanding that traditional civil rights law has benefited whites more than blacks, the ‘call to context’, and the critique of liberalism by the assertion that racism is routine and not aberrational. Following the C.R.T. belief that form and substance are connected, Williams has also extended the boundaries of another C.R.T. theme by (largely) eschewing the conventional genre of legal writing in much of her work, including her two books, The Alchemy of Race and Rights and The Rooster's Egg. This was one of the issues Williams discussed in an interview that commenced when she visited Britain in 1997 to deliver the Reith Lectures. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

对隐性采访合法性的思考

随着新闻媒体的不断发展,近几年来隐性采访很受新闻记者的青眯。社会和广大公众对隐性采访也持认可态度。但隐性采访的法律问题却一直是争论的焦点,由此形成的观点反差较大,而且尚无定论。随着我国民主法制的健全及新闻立法,隐性采访完全可以有条件的获得合法地位。