中国权证法律规制的现实状况与未来路向

权证在中国证券市场中经历了曲折的发展过程,如今的权证市场极其萎缩。鉴于权证在中国资本市场与市场化与国际化深入发展进程中的重要作用,正确审视现行权证法律规制的不足,并构建未来权证法律规制的发展路径是十分必要的。该文主要通过历史分析方法概括了中国权证及其法律规制的演进过程,并指出备兑权证将是中国未来权证市场的主流产品,相应地在立足现行权证法律规制之上,应建立健全权证法律法规体系、完善权证具体法律制度。     

我国权证法律规制不足之评析

我国当前对权证的规制仅限于证券交易所的业务规则,其法律效力有待提高,且在发行、上市、交易、行权各环节存在着诸多的不足,这些不足主要体现在权证发行与上市核准权、股改权证与创设权证的性质认定、权证发行与上市的条件、信息披露、履约担保、权证交易的风险揭示、主交易商制度、交易的实时监控以及行权失败的救济等方面.     

Estimating the size of criminal populations

The estimation of total population size for various phenomena of crime is an important factor critical for criminal justice policy formulation and criminological theory development. In this paper, methods are discussed for estimating the size of a criminal population from police records. Capture-recapture analysis techniques, borrowed from the biological sciences, are used to predict the size of population for migrating (or fleeing) fugitives and for street prostitutes. Heterogeneity and behavioral responses to previous police encounters are identified as major complicating factors. The basic problem is that the police records are virtually unaffected by a potentially large pool of cryptic criminals. It is shown how independently collected auxiliary data can address this problem.     

强化检察机关侦查监督工作研究

侦查监督是检察机关法律监督职能的重要组成部分。强化侦查监督工作需要深入进行策略研究。要通过建立行政执法与刑事执法相衔接的工作机制,强化对不该立案而立案的监督和对立案后的跟踪监督,强化立案监督工作;通过树立人权保障意识,正确认识和适用逮捕措施,逐步减少逮捕的适用,强化审查逮捕工作;通过综合运用法定的监督手段、严格审批侦查羁押期限的延长、严格排除非法证据等强化对侦查活动的监督。