妥善处理不同利益群体关系缩小贫富差距

近年来,我国的基尼系数已逼近0.47,意味着贫富差距已超过警戒线。贫富差距的扩大带来了诸多弊端:恶化了贫困者的社会处境;导致国内市场需求不足,制约了经济的发展;削弱了经济增长的合法性;造成社会无序,影响社会稳定;有悖社会主义建设的目标。城乡二元结构、地区及行业间的不平等竞争、非法非正常收入的存在、平等的生存权与发展权没有得到切实保障等是造成贫富差距扩大的主要原因。妥善处理不同利益群体间的关系,大力发展生产力,理顺分配关系等是防止贫富差距进一步扩大的有效措施。     

转型期中俄贫困问题比较及反贫困意义的共性分析

中俄两国曾是世界上最大的两个社会主义国家 ,转型期都经历了此前不曾遇到的各种复杂问题。尽管两国选择的转型模式不同 ,转型期经济发展速度也存在着明显差异 ,但目前两国却共同面临着贫困问题。在绝对贫困与相对贫困、贫困数量与贫困发生率、贫困的地域分布以及基尼系数等问题上 ,中俄两国具有明显的对比空间。反贫困是中俄两国转型期的共同选择。它对于维护两国的政治秩序、保障经济持续发展、提高“生活质量”的目标原则具有十分重要的现实意义。     

论转轨经济中的收入分配不公与收入差距

中国目前正处于向社会主义市场经济转轨的关键时刻。中国改革的成绩是有目共睹的,但在改革的过程中由于收入分配不公造成的收入差距拉大却日益严重,成为全面建设小康社会,实现社会和谐发展的最大障碍。因而,确立与社会主义市场经济相适应的公平、公正制度,治理收入分配不公所造成的收入差距,在当前中国十分迫切。     

见怪不怪与其怪自败

中国的基尼系数从20世纪80年代的0 25上升到目前的0 458,并且还有进一步扩大的趋势。进入20世纪90年代中期以后,我国城市贫困的状况持续恶化,农村贫困的缓解也面临着极大的困难。即便是按照我们自己制定的非常之低的贫困线来衡量,目前城乡绝对贫困人口的数量也在1亿人上下,如果按照联合国制定的每人每天1美元来衡量,中国的贫困人口总量将达到2 5亿人的规模。     

Towards a Realignment of the Mind: Compass Lecture,Commonwealth Club,London, 10 February 2011

Britain urgently needs a national conversation about the economic, political and moral predicament it now faces. It should start with the economic crisis of 2008–09. Keynesians and neoliberals alike still seek to return to pre‐crisis business as usual, albeit with modifications. But the untamed capitalism that came to grief in 2008 had three major flaws. First, it undermined the public domain of equity, citizenship and civic virtue, whose creation was one of the great achievements of the late‐nineteenth and early‐twentieth centuries, exposing it to invasion by the market domain. Second, it led to a remorseless rise in inequality of resources and life chances, rendering British society one of the most dysfunctional in Europe. Third, it encouraged the emergence of a debased form of democracy, best called ‘market populism’, that mocks the dream of political equality that lies at the heart of the democratic ideal. Yet growth points of a better society can be detected amidst the gloom. Informal institutions and social movements like London Citizens and the burgeoning environmental movement show that the notion of the public good is still alive. So do the survival of Edmund Burke's communitarianism in the conservative tradition, of John Stuart Mill's social liberalism in the liberal tradition and of ethical socialism in the social‐democratic tradition.     

基尼系数与流动人口犯罪

伴随着中国加入世贸组织和农业产业结构的调整 ,我国大批农村“剩余劳动力”形成了人类历史上规模最大的“移民潮”。伴随这一进程 ,流动人口犯罪问题日渐突显 ,运用基尼系数这一经济学指标研究流动人口犯罪 ,从经济学的角度探讨原因 ,并以其为依据 ,提出流动人口管理的相关对策     

Fiscal Decentralization in Comparative Perspective: Analysis of the Intergovernmental Grant Systems in Indonesia and Thailand

Decentralization can inadvertently lead to local fiscal disparity. One type of intergovernmental fiscal transfers, the general-purpose grant, can help equalize local fiscal imbalances. This article examines the extent to which the general-purpose grant systems in Indonesia and Thailand help mitigate local fiscal disparity. The findings show that the general-purpose grant system in Thailand does not effectively address disparities in local fiscal conditions. Localities with more own-source revenues and higher per capita income receive more general-purpose grants than those with weak fiscal capacity. In contrast, Indonesia’s general-purpose grant allocation system provides more resources for economically disadvantaged and conflict-ridden provinces.     

与时俱进深化收入分配制度改革

改革开放以来,我国的收入分配制度发生了根本性的变革。本文在分析收入分配领域存在的突出问题的基础上,提出以十六大精神为指导,从六个方面深化收入分配制度的改革。     

To have or not to have: Effects of economic inequality on turnout in European democracies

The effect of economic inequality on turnout has received considerable interest recently. Some studies suggest that inequality depresses turnout, others that the relationship is either the other way around or simply non-existent. Employing a large dataset with some 80,000 respondents from 30 European democracies, we show that great care is required when exploring inequality and turnout. On average, there is indeed a negative/positive effect of being below/above the median income in a country – but it is conditioned by inequality (measured as the Gini coefficient) and national wealth (measured as GDP per capita). Moreover, the two country-level factors interact in surprising ways. Based on our results we warn against claims of mono-causal relationships between the economic situation of voters and turnout.     

收入差距拉大:构建和谐社会的阻梗

改革开放实行的差异性发展政策,形成了部分地区、部分企业和部分人的率先发展,而政策调整的滞后,使得经济发展水平的差异硬化为明显的社会差异,随着经济的进一步发展,富者愈富、穷者更穷,社会的分化和差距越来越大,收入分配差距目前已经达到可以容忍的上限。改革发展的成果不能惠及到社会的各个方面,弱势群体的心理失衡和行为失范以及由此可能导致的社会动荡,可能成为我们构建和谐社会的阻梗,疏通这一阻梗应当成为我们建设和谐社会的重要任务。