MAINTAINING A UNITARY STATE: COUNTER-TERRORISM,SEPARATISM, AND EXTREMISM IN XINJIANG AND CHINA

This essay reviews the history of Uighur related terrorism in Xinjiang as well as elsewhere in China and discusses the political motivations and effectiveness of the Chinese government in suppressing terrorism. The essay assesses both the motivations of the Uighurs engaged in terrorism, as well as the motivations for counter terrorist by the Chinese authorities. A key objective of the essay is to determine what are the political and other reasons that drive the Chinese government’s counter terrorism strategy and tactics and whether these have been effective or counter-productive. The essay assesses the counter terrorism strategy of the Chinese government in Xinjiang Province and across China, the political motivations for the strategy, the impact and success or otherwise. The essay discusses if the government is combatting terrorism, or separatism, or extremism, the confusion of these terms, and whether this has had any impact on the effectiveness of counter terrorism.     

城市化进程中新疆少数民族文化遗产的法律保护研究

城市化进程中少数民族传统文化的生存危机日益加剧,少数民族文化遗产保护成为一个引人关注的焦点问题。多民族聚居的新疆拥有丰富的少数民族传统文化资源,城市化的逐步推进加快了少数民族传统文化的式微与流失。城市化背景下如何运用法律手段加强少数民族文化遗产的保护以实现传统文化的现代转型,同时实现城市化与文化遗产保护之间的良性互动以促进社会全面发展,这不仅是一个理论问题,同时也是一个紧迫的现实问题。     

新疆利用韩国企业直接投资的现状与展望

随着韩国企业在中国东部沿海发达地区的布局趋于完善和成熟以及中国西部大开发战略的逐步深入,全球经济格局调整和产业转移,大规模进入新疆等中国西部地区已成为必然。但目前韩国企业在新疆直接投资的整体规模上一直徘徊不前,相较东西部其他地区的投资额也有明显差距。因此,为了释放新疆与韩国的经济合作潜力,建议通过加强文化交流促进经济合作和改善投资环境加强直接投资的吸引力;通过吸引更多韩国跨国公司,扩大投资规模。     

完善基层法律服务 推进社会管理创新

直面改革开放、依法治国新形势。兵团基层农牧团场职工群众所遇到的法律问题与El俱增。迫切需要法律的指导、帮助。当前兵团农牧团场基层法律服务工作存在主体定位不清、业务职能交叉混杂、管理组织相对松散等问题。要从根本上解决基层法律服务资源短缺，服务水平不高。服务质量偏低的问题，应进一步规范和创新基层法律服务活动，加强基层法律服务工作者队伍建设，提高基层法律服务水平。     

新疆公安基层信息化建设浅探

在公安基层建设中，信息化建设是重点之一。随着全疆公安业务应用信息化的初步实现，信息化建设中整体规划较弱，人力、物力、财力投入不均衡等问题日益显现，必须具有整体的、科学的、有效的规划，并充分利用信息化建设资源，逐步实现科技强警，保障公安基层信息化建设的健康发展。     

What explains the rise of majority–minority tensions and conflict in Xinjiang?

ABSTRACT

In the past few years there has been a rise of inter-ethnic violence in China. While ethno-cultural repression and ineffective state policies are correctly attributed as key culprits behind this reality, this article suggests that socio-economic factors play a fundamental contributory role as well. Using the Xinjiang case, the article maps ethnic tensions and violence as a manifestation and expression of a growing and heightened ethno-cultural consciousness stemming from ethnic minorities’ low socio-economic status due, in part, to internal Han migration, and a labour market process – involving agency and structure – that has shaped a split and segmented labour market.     

Securitization,insecurity and conflict in contemporary Xinjiang: has PRC counter-terrorism evolved into state terror?

ABSTRACT

In the Introduction to this special issue, I first provide an overview of the programme of 'de-extremification' and mass internment in Xinjiang since early 2017. I then situate this development against the ‘ideological turn’ in Chinese Communist Party policy under President Xi Jinping, highlighting the new emphasis on stability maintenance and ideational governance. Next, I explore experiences of (in)security in Uyghur communities in- and outside of Xinjiang in the era of internment to consider how far PRC counter-terrorism initiatives have now evolved into state terror. In doing so, I apply Ruth Blakeley's (2012) definition of state terror as a deliberate act of violence against civilians, or threat of violence where a climate of fear is already established by earlier acts of violence; as perpetrated by actors on behalf of or in conjunction with the state; as intended to induce extreme fear in target observers who identify with the victim; and as forcing the target audience to consider changing its behaviour. Finally, I discuss the six contributions to the special issue.     

“金新月”地区毒品向粤疆两地渗透态势及防范

近年来,国际贩毒集团有组织、有预谋地将＂金新月＂地区毒品向广东和新疆两地贩运,形成了境外指挥、境内接应、新疆中转、粤沪集散的局面,其影响已由潜在威胁变为现实危害。粤疆两地警方必须在加大堵截力度的同时,加强禁毒执法协作,形成合力,树立禁毒＂大情报＂的观念,严厉打击＂金新月＂地区贩毒集团、网络和毒枭。     

Nationalism and modernism in the East Turkestan Republic, 1933–34

This study explains the intellectual history and ideology of the Turkic insurgency and the East Turkestan Republic in Kashgar in 1933–34. Texts in periodicals from the period suggest that the insurgency was defined by its intellectual elites more as a nationalist enterprise than as a religious one. The insurgency's ideologists established important national attributes of the East Turkestani nation, particularly its national name, homeland, symbology, and history, and they also articulated East Turkestani national interests, particularly political independence, representative government, and modernization. Regardless of the arguably low degree of social penetration of the ideas of the elites among common society and the small extent to which policy was actually implemented, the intertwining of East Turkestani national identity and interests with political self-government and modernization was an ideological concept that had a profound impact on all subsequent administrations in Xinjiang.     

15个基因座复合扩增体系的建立及新疆维吾尔族遗传多态性

目的建立15个基因座五色荧光复合扩增体系,并调查新疆维吾尔族的遗传多态性。方法筛选STR基因座,等位基因测序后按照重复序列重复次数命名,对建立的15个基因座五色荧光复合扩增体系进行灵敏度、种属特异性、同一性及稳定性检测,对新疆维吾尔族群体进行遗传多态性分析,与西藏藏族、岫岩满族、广州汉族进行群体间比较。结果建立了15个基因座复合扩增体系,检测灵敏度为0.3 ng,具有良好的种属特异性、同一性和稳定性。新疆维吾尔族13个常染色体STR基因座的基因频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,无连锁不平衡现象,大部分基因座在群体间差异具有统计学意义。结论建立的体系具有法医物证学应用价值,13个常染色体STR基因座在新疆维吾尔族群体多态性高,适合于亲子鉴定及个人识别,可作为现有基因座的补充。