The Role of Policy Brokers: The Case of Biotechnology in Kenya

Debates about biotechnology continue to be polarized despite its potential to improve the living standards of the poor in Sub‐Saharan Africa. In the backdrop of this polarized scenario, this paper asked, is there a place for brokers in bringing about a productive debate that is pro‐development? The paper argued that if potential intermediaries are analyzed from the perspective of understanding their role and stakeholding in the regulatory change process, this may help breakout the current polarized anti‐ and pro‐biotechnology debates and thereby focus on how to enable productive biotechnology development. Informed by insights from innovation brokering, the functions of brokers in biotechnology regulation are analyzed through the lens of organizations involved in agricultural biotechnology debates in Kenya. The analysis found that policy brokering function attracts varying opportunities and challenges appropriate for informing relevant policy. The paper drew lessons from Kenya's experience to inform a productive policy brokering model for biotechnology regulation.     

MIS‐MATCHED: TAKING A STATE APPROACH TO ENFORCING THE GROWING INTERNATIONAL MATCHMAKING INDUSTRY

Each year, hundreds of U.S. men and foreign women find their future spouses through international matchmaking agencies. Foreign women are attracted to the opportunity for a life in America and men are offered money‐back guarantees to find the perfect wife. An alarming number of these unions however, have resulted in the abuse, exploitation and even death of foreign women at the hands of their U.S. citizen husbands. While the federal International Marriage Broker Regulation Act requires disclosure of a male client's criminal background history prior to communicating with a potential foreign bride, the Act does not impose any requirements for disclosure of information about the international marriage brokers themselves. Thus the peddlers behind the rapidly growing industry are largely unaccounted for, with no one really knowing who they are or where they are operating. This Note proposes that states fill the enforcement gap by adopting a statute requiring international marriage brokers to register and become certified to do business with state residents. This legislation will result in collecting much needed data on international marriage brokers, create more transparency in the international matchmaking industry and prevent potential violence and abuse of foreign women.     

Research on the Difficult Questions Concerning the Judicial Determination of the Joint Crimes of Abduction of and Trafficking in Women or Children

Joint crimes of abduction of and trafficking in women or children are quite common and frequent in judicial practice. Fetching or sending, as well as transferring, of a woman or a child is, in essence, a kind of accessory behavior. Therefore, a person who commits such behaviors shall be punished as an accomplice, except, provided that there are certain judicial interpretations, being punished as a principal criminal in accordance with the law. A person who, for the purpose of buying the victim, instigates or helps others to abduct and traffic in a woman or a child shall be punished with the severer crime in accordance with the principles of implicated offences; a person who, in the process of committing the joint crime of abduction of and trafficking in a woman or a child, transforms his/her intention and buys the abducted woman or child shall be punished in accordance with the principles of inclusive offences. A person, who conducts the role of a broker in the process of buying and selling a woman or a child, shall be punished as an accessory in accordance with the principles of joint crimes. In addition, a person, who is a practioner in a particular industry, jointly, together with the buyer or seller, commits the crime of abduction of and trafficking in women or children shall be punished with a certain crime or combinedly punished with for several crimes in accordance with the specific circumstances.     

我国证券经纪人制度中的法律关系探析

证券经纪人制度是指在规范合法的前提下证券经纪商通过经纪人直接向客户提供证券交易、证券信息、证券分析、证券投资理财等服务的一种高层次、多功能、专业化的新型服务制度。是证券市场发展到一定阶段的产物,它不仅在发达国家证券市场的发展过程中起到了关键作用,同时也是国外成熟证券市场发展的重要标志之一。我国规定的证券经纪人存在的基本形式就是证券公司即券商。但是早在90年代中期,券商出于市场竞争的要求就已催生出一批以个人或小团体为单位的狭义上的证券经纪人,然而国内证券经纪人制度还处于尝试或探索阶段,由于其法律定位不明,没有相应的法律法规和管理制度,出现了不少的问题。     

WTO与中国保险经纪业

保险经纪业是中国新生的行业,入世使其在观念、市场、法规监管、公司经营和人才素质方面都面临巨大挑战。为了尽快与国际保险经纪市场接轨,拥有和外国发达保险经纪公司相抗衡的实力,我国必须在诸多方面采取切实有效的措施大力加以改进和完善。     

证券经纪人代客理财的风险及对策

在追求利益最大化的投资市场中,股市波动导致证券经纪人私下代客理财,这一违规行为无论是对于投资者个人,还是市场经济秩序,都具有很高的风险。应建立相关法律法规,明确监管部门,加强规定和管理,并进行普法宣传,从而最大限度地防范潜在风险,保障投资者的权益。     

Who coupled which stream(s)? Policy entrepreneurship and innovation in the energy–water nexus in Gujarat,India

Although policy entrepreneurship is essential for fostering policy innovations to achieve sustainable development, the literature has conflated different types of entrepreneurship and disaggregated it using inconsistent terminology. We conceptualize entrepreneurship using a six-stream variant of the multiple streams framework (MSF)—which addresses key limitations of the original MSF—to examine entrepreneurial activities in the case of the Jyotigram Yojana, a widely recognized policy innovation for managing the energy–water nexus in Gujarat, India. We find that whereas policy and political entrepreneurship no doubt played a significant role in coupling the streams and fostering this policy innovation, the process broker, program champion, and technology innovator were also important in policy formulation, implementation, and “success.” We conclude that the six-stream variant of MSF is useful for identifying and distinguishing various types of entrepreneurship involved in policy innovation for sustainability.     

经济人的假设与公司治理困境

在所有权与控制权分离的情况下,由于委托人缺位,委托代理关系是不对称的,而其研究的重点是委托人如何激励约束代理人。股东积极主义的兴起重新构造了委托代理关系。组织经济学因囿于经济人的假设和效率取向的方法论基础,使委托代理关系的研究陷入了困境。因此,吸收组织行为学、心理学、社会学等学术领域关于人的行为的研究成果,超越经济人假设才是走出困境的有效途径。     

试析行政刑法对体育中介的调整

体育经纪行为的法律性质最主要的表现为中介。目前我国体育经纪业存在着市场行为缺少法律依据和法律运作、行业垄断突出、经纪人管理制度不健全等问题。体育经纪业的发展既取决于经纪人、经纪机构自身的素质,更要靠法律对其进行有效的规制。