电子商务环境下企业家的经营理念

信息技术的发展催生了电子商务，它使企业所处的内外环境都发生了重大的变化。面对这些变化，企业家必须树立正确的经营理念，才能使企业在新的环境中得以生存并且能够更好地发展。与传统的经济环境相比，信息意识、文化意识与合作意识是电子商务环境下企业家最应当注重的经营理念，它们对于新环境下企业的生存发展有重要的意义。     

Strategy of Chinese policy entrepreneurs in the third sector: challenges of “Technical Infeasibility”

Studies of policy entrepreneurs have become a staple of public policy research. Very few such studies deal with the circumstances of China. This paper aims to remedy this oversight by exploring the mechanisms of policy change in China. Using John Kingdon’s Multiple Streams (MS) Model, the author develops the “Technical Infeasibility Model.” The paper tests the MS model’s applicability to China by examining strategies put forth by Chinese policy entrepreneurs in the third sector. It considers how they may successfully promote change by using a strategy of proposing a relatively radical policy concept that is politically acceptable and technically infeasible to policy makers. To illustrate such a strategy, this paper considers a case of policy change involving Chinese urban vagrants. The policy on “Detention and Repatriation,” which was first implemented in 1982, was challenged following the Sun Zhigang Incident in March 2003. Shortly thereafter law scholars filed two suggestion letters to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee calling for a constitutionality review of the Detention and Repatriation System. Though it was “technically infeasible” to air such a proposal in China at that time, the State Council initiated action to abolish certain provisions of the Detention and Repatriation System. However, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee did not conduct a constitutionality review.

企业家与大学生的文化价值观有何不同?

文化价值观对企业家精神的培育和创新行为的生成具有重要的形塑作用.本文从公平、信任、社会责任和财富观四个维度对企业家和大学生的文化价值观展开比较研究.研究结果显示大学生与企业家在分配公平、结果公平、被信任程度、区域信任、承担社会责任和收入幸福观方面存在显著差异；而在机会公平、承担社会责任倾向、财富追求倾向和公共财富观这些方面未发现明显差异.对企业家文化价值观的多因素回归检验表明,企业家比大学生更能够接受结果公平并愿意承担社会责任,企业家更倾向财富创造并且更不看重收入对幸福的影响.     

论我国社会事业家的培育

当前我国呈个体化分布的社会事业家正积极地从全能主义体制内拓展公民社会领域,以创新精神和能力推动着我国的社会转型。对社会事业家的培育既需要政府的主导,也需要民间组织自身的努力。具体路径是:应顺应和完善社会发展动机;消除制度障碍,营造能促性环境;逐渐创造完整的角色认同模式和道德倡导循环。     

‘Municipal entrepreneurs’: local politicians and the delivery of urban sanitation in Kumasi,Ghana

ABSTRACT

The municipal government in Kumasi has been the focus of numerous reforms to improve local policymaking and delivery of public goods to the city’s dwellers. Yet, the reforms have spurred strategic reactions from local actors who exploit institutional ambiguities to pursue their interests. This paper draws on empirical data on the city’s sanitation franchising to show how ordinary local politicians exploit reform ambiguities; they establish themselves as local entrepreneurs to deliver urban sanitation services and also contest the municipal executive. The manipulations do not only undermine reforms proffered by the regime and external actors but the municipal government’s promise to deliver efficient public services also becomes problematic. Management of urban sanitation is a contested arena between bureaucrats and political actors all vying for their interests. The sanitation reforms are eventually subsumed under the ‘local politics as usual’ logic.     

The emergence of the entrepreneurial state in contemporary China

As market reform has progressed in China, state bureaux have adapted and become entrepreneurial. This contradicts expectations that states will either simply retreat in the face of encroaching markets to play a minimal role in the economy, or obstruct market‐oriented change through bureaucratic conservatism or rent‐seeking. This paper describes the state entrepreneurialism that has appeared in the Chinese city of Tianjin in the early 1990s and explains its emergence as the consequence of both market‐induced structural transformation and the resultant changing incentives and demands on officials. It proposes the ‘entrepreneurial state’ as a model of state adaptation to marketization and assesses its implications for both our conception of the developmental state and for anticipation of rent‐seeking and resistance to market reform.     

Migrant workers and migrant entrepreneurs: changing established/outsider relations across society and space?

Drawing on Elias and Scotson's theory of established/outsider relations, in this paper we argue that migrants can be outsiders in one spatial context and established in another simultaneously. Our empirical focus is the situations and experiences of migrant workers from Central and Eastern Europe in four towns across Wales. While their position as outsiders is reinforced in the occupational spaces of meat-processing factories, outside the workplace a small but growing number of migrants are engaging in entrepreneurial activities that create new spaces of cultural diversity. We argue that this is having a wider affective impact on established/outsider relations.     

Mobile entrepreneurs in post-Soviet Central Asia

In this paper I present an analysis of a mobile entrepreneur and his transnational economic activities in post-Soviet space. I argue that the space of informal economic activities of mobile entrepreneurs are structured by trust-networks in the sense Tilly (2005) uses it. In this context the concept of tirikchilik (an Uzbek term for ‘muddling through’ or survival) which defines the space of informal economic activities is important to decipher. Tirikchilik unifies various economic activities which vary from trade, service delivery, middleman services, administration and any kind of activity that generates some cash.     

从企业家犯罪的罪名结构透视企业家犯罪的制度性成因———以 245 起案例统计为基础简

在犯罪成因上，企业家犯罪不同于传统的街头犯罪，外在环境与制度条件对企业家队伍的成长方式及其追逐财富的路径选择具有很强的建构性。透过245起具有统计价值的企业家犯罪案例中的罪名结构特征，可以具体地说明企业家犯罪的制度性成因：融资类犯罪比重大凸显民企融资的制度性瓶颈；受贿罪突出反映出国有企业家制度性的角色错位；国有、民营企业家罪名差异显现市场公平竞争的不足；民营企业家的主要罪名分布反映出刑事手段介入市场活动的泛化倾向；背信犯罪的高发折射企业家精神的缺失。     

大学生创业面临的问题探析

大力支持大学生自主创业、自谋职业,不断发展新的职业,拓宽各种就业渠道,不仅可以使大学生自己成为能够自食其力之人,还可以在创业的过程中创造更多的就业岗位,解决更多人的就业问题。文章分析了大学生创业面临的问题与障碍,从转变就业观念、优化创业环境、发挥政府导向作用、开展创业教育与实践等方面着手,提出促进大学生创业的对策建议。