Plural strategies of accessing land among peri-urban squatters

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses strategies utilized by migrants/squatters in accessing land for settlement and livelihoods in places where the state and the indigenes are not sympathetic to their needs. Although of significant policy and theoretical significance, this area has not received attention from scholarship, its dominant focus being on understanding the diverse origins, destinations, drivers and processes of migration. In addressing this issue, the study uses the case of Malawian migrants located in Zimbabwe’s peri-urban area of Norton. The finding of the paper is that there are as many strategies for acquiring land as they are migrants. The identified strategies (inheritance, seizures, and purchase) are contingent based – varying according to the access of the parties involved in the transactions.     

唐代工商业利润的流动转化及其社会后果

唐代官营工商业利润主要流入政府财政 ,也有一部分转化为高利贷资本和用于土地经营。民间工商业利润除了一部分用于生活消费、交通权贵和囤积射利外 ,大多用于土地的购买兼并和转化为高利贷资本。官、私工商业利润向产业资本流动转化甚少 ,既无益于新的生产方式的产生和发展 ,也拉大了财富占有上的贫富分化 ,并最终激化了社会矛盾和阶级矛盾 ,导至农民大起义爆发 ,唐王朝的腐朽统治遭到推翻     

Rural land ownership reform in China’s property law

With regard to rural land ownership, there exist many problems, such as absence of the subject of right, ambiguity of the definition of right quality, and imperfection of the taking system. To perfect the rural land ownership system in China, we should continuously take villagers’ groups and villages as the subject of collective ownership and affirm the right of the members of collective organizations. In order to promote the development of the rural economy and realize the value of land, the contractual management right should be deemed as a property right and allowed to be transferred. The transferability of collective land ownership should be gradually established and the process of taking should be further normalized. Meanwhile, the farmers must receive sufficient compensation. The house site usage right is a special form of right of usufruct. To follow the principle that property should be made best use of, the house site usage right should also be transferable.     

马克思研究地租理论的思路与水资源价值的决定

马克思在研究地租理论时发现,广大的农产品的消费者购买农产品不是以价值量为基础,然后认为农产品的价格是由购买者的需要和支付能力决定。他研究地租理论首先从供给的角度出发,碰到理论逻辑矛盾后转向需求的角度。从供求双方的角度研究自然水资源价值的决定,是对马克思劳动价值论的进一步拓展。     

Remortgaging Women's Lives: The World Bank'sLand Agenda in Africa

In recent months, the World Bank has issued a series of draft policy reports on land relations. This is the first time in over two decades that the Bank has sought to review its policy on lending in the land sector. Access to the draft reports and participation in the consultation process has, however, been severely limited. Nonetheless, the World Bank expects to issue the final Report by the end of this year. This paper presents a gender analysis of the two draft documents that have been made available to date. It assesses their implications for gender relations in Africa. It explores the World Bank's promotion of formal rural credit and challenges the assumption of the availability of women's unpaid agricultural labour. The paper argues that, far from being over, the struggle over land relations which has characterised the last decade in Africa, must continue. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

我国土地征用制度的反思

我国土地征用存在诸如土地征用权滥用 ,征用程序不严格、不民主 ,征地补偿范围过窄、标准过低等一系列问题。本文针对这些问题 ,提出了我国土地征用制度的改革思路 ,具体提出了七点改革建议。     

略论我国地役权立法

地役权与相邻权两者有着本质区别。我国地役权立法应在地役权的名称、主体、空间地役权、限制、设定原则、登记等问题上作出明确的规定。     

女性农民土地权益保障问题研究

土地权益是农民的主要权利之一,也是衡量农村男女两性权利平等程度的主要标志。我国女性农民土地权益的保障现状不尽如意,其原因是多方面的,但主要是男权社会的遗毒和民间法对国家法保护女性土地权益的扭曲。纠正这种现象,需要强化女性土地权益平等的观念,健全女性土地权益保护的法律体系,引导民间法走向性别公平与公正,优化土地资源平等的社会环境。     

从法社会学视角看农民失地问题

土地是农民的安身立命之所。农村征地涉及到多方的利益分配,法律、政策、非正式规则之间的搏弈更加剧了这一过程的复杂性。征地所引发的农民失地问题,已严重影响了农村的发展和社会的稳定,由此带来了我国现代化进程的隐患。     

农村土地承包期限的矛盾现状及法律对策

农村土地承包制度中关于承包期无限顺延所引发的农村人地不均问题,是关涉农村社会和谐与安定的重大问题。农村土地承包期走向无限顺延所导致人地不均的矛盾,既不能通过土地承包权或经营权八股的方式,也不能通过将农村土地私有化的方式予以解决。只有在农村基本经营制度的框架内,着力加强农村社会保障法制化的建设,健全农村土地经营权流转制度,才能从根本上解决农村土地承包期限所引发人地不均的矛盾。