Fundamental principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights and the applications

Legal principle, which underlies the value of the legal system, is supposed to be the origin and basis of concrete legal rules. It has also resulted from abstracting and summarizing the value and spirit of these legal rules. In light of the universality and hierarchy of legal principle, the principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights (IPR) can be divided into the following two types: one is the fundamental principles applied to the what, why and how a legal system shall be constructed, such as principles of sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, joint development, and international cooperation, which also can be expressed as the principles of sovereignty, international coordination and cooperation, fairness and justice. The other type includes those existing in the legal system and capable of being applied directly, such as the principle of national treatment, principle of minimum standard, principle of independence (for industrial property right), principle of independent protection (for copyright), principle of compulsory implementing patent (for patent right) and doctrine of priority (for industrial property right), etc. In my opinion, the principles of the international protection system of IPR shall follow the latter model, indicating that they shall be provided and written in the international conventions on the grounds that they can be applied directly, and that they can be universally applied to the whole international protection system of IPR instead of exclusive application to one certain system. Hereupon, the author believes that principles concerning the international protection system of IPR should include the principles of national treatment, minimum protection standard and public interest.     

追赃制度研究论纲

未经生效裁判确认身份之前,不能称为赃,而只能称为疑脏。在第三人善意取得赃款脏物的情况下,不能向善意第三人追赃,对此,我们应尽快通过立法解决这一问题以保护交易安全。司法实践中,应通过建立标签保管的方法以完善对嫌疑赃物的保管制度。在追缴回来的赃款不及多个受害人损失总额的情况下,应由人民法院依据每个受害人的损失乘以返还比例的方式进行公平的赃款返还。在赃物认领发生争执时,应由争议的受害人就赃物的归属达成协议,否则,应作为无主赃物,上缴国库。     

论植物人的法律人格及权利行使和保护

Although human vegetables lose their capacities of will and do not have the intrinsic attribute of civil subjects, they still have legal personalities and the status of civil subjects. The law has not provided for defects of their legal personalities, and thus civil law shall include human vegetables as objects of guardianship. The system of adult guardianship shall be constructed to supplement and correct the legal personalities of human vegetables. When human vegetables enter into a permanent vegetative state or state of brain death, law may declare the termination of legal personalities of the human vegetable. Due to the unique life state and capacity of act of human vegetables, the exercise of their civil rights faces a series of legal difficulties and challenges, mainly involving important issues such as the right of treatment for life rescue, marital right and reproductive right. The civil law shall ensure that the civil right of human vegetables can be fully enjoyed and effectively protected. Zhang Li, associate professor in civil and business law at Fujian Normal University, and also an invited researcher on civil law, international economic law and international private law, co-operated with Law School of Renmin University of China. Till now, she’s already released 23 theses in law journals and a monograph of the Survey of International Private Law. In addition, she was a member in doing studies (2006) on the legislation of Chinese tort law and presides over the researching (2007) of the legal personality and rights of disabled persons.     

价值视角的转变与正义模式的演绎——评美国1998年《ADR 法》

经过联邦法院对 ADR 的十几年的探索实验,美国国会最终通过了1998年《ADR 法》,为 ADR 措施的开展发放了“绿卡”。该法要求所有的美国联邦法院实施“当事人服务型”的 ADR 措施,并允许法院强制当事人参加 ADR 程序。联邦法院 ADR 部门要想成功有效的实施该法,对各种 ADR 措施进行选择,以使其与现有的法院体系相兼容,同时为当事人提供便利,首先要协调好 ADR 措施所内涵的正义模式与一直引导着法院的传统的判决型的正义模式的关系。     

关于北京市交通事故处理模式的研究

随着我国经济的迅速发展,民主与法制建设愈加完善,如何以迅速、高效的方式处理交通事故,已经越来越受到社会各界的关注。目前,北京市交通事故处理模式已经显露出很多问题,为了更加适应当今形势发展的需要,应当改革交通事故处理模式,使其在法律、法规的规范下越发完善,进一步维护交通秩序,保证交通安全。     

数码照相在刑事技术中的应用

数码照相机有其自身的特点、成像原理和程序。在公安实际中 ,数码照相在刑事技术中的应用主要体现为记录刑事犯罪现场、拍照痕迹物证、保存现场照片、拍照辨认照相、运用红外、紫外成像及制作公安教学或宣传软件等等。     

简论警察网络应对中的在线介入与离线防控——以美国为例谈网络作为维护社会稳定的重要"场域"

网络之于现实社会的巨大影响仍在快速发展和不断被认识中,其作为现实社会显现或潜在的巨大力量,也正被各国政府、营运企业及技术、法律各界高度关注。问题的焦点之一,即如何有效"规制"网络世界中那些与现实世界密切关联的方面,特别是那些于现实主流社会有巨大影响甚至是颠覆性影响的问题。以警察直接防范、打击的专业架构看,"在线介入"与"离线防控"的双重应对是一个思路。"在线介入",即"在线"的规制与干预,"离线防控",即落地的预防与控制。警察必须既作业于网络社会又作业于现实社会,既深入于"彼岸"又深入于"此岸",既是网络警察又是现实警察,既执行维护虚拟社会秩序的责任又执行维护现实社会秩序的责任!警察非于传统警务架构方面做出最大限度的跟进,才能适应这一全新的非传统的警务巨变。     

法制统一维护制度之检视与完善

法制统一的维护不力需要进行制度上的反思。法制统一制度在主体配置、权限分工以及维护机制等方面均存在诸多问题和缺陷,因此需要优化配置法制统一的维护主体,合理分工维护权限,健全完善维护机制,从而完善法制统一维护制度。     

An experimental study of a therapeutic boot camp: Impact on impulses, attitudes and recidivism

Two hundred thirty four adult male inmates entering prison were randomly assigned to an early release program in either a correctional boot camp or a large, traditional prison in the Maryland state correctional system. Boot camp releasees had marginally lower recidivism compared to those released from the traditional prison. A pre-test, post-test self report survey indicated the boot camp program had little impact on criminogenic characteristics except for a lowering of self control. In contrast, inmates in prison became more antisocial, lower in self control, worse in anger management, and reported more criminal tendencies by the end of their time in prison. Criminogenic attitudes and impulses were significantly associated with recidivism. The impact of the boot camp diminished to non-significance when antisocial attitudes or anger management problems were added to the models predicting recidivism. Implications for jurisdictions considering whether to operate correctional boot camps are discussed.     

基层民警“六盼”及其思考

基层公安民警有“六盼”,即能真正吃上“皇粮”,能得到领导的关心和认可,能得到群众的支持和理解,能有机会学习更新知识,从优待警的措施能真正落到实处,有良好的执法环境。公安机关的各级领导要认真倾听民警的心声,在政治上、经济上、情感上善待基层民警。