大鼠急性心肌缺血早期内皮素的免疫组化染色观察

目的　探讨实验性大鼠心肌缺血后内皮素在心肌组织内的表达变化。方法　运用免疫组化技术 (SABC法 ) ,对分别经过单纯缝线结扎、药物、脂质饮食预处理后结扎及假结扎处理的 5组 60只实验大鼠 ,在冠脉左前降支结扎后的不同时间点 ,观察心肌组织的内皮素表达情况。结果　阳性组各个分组的大鼠在心肌缺血早期均出现了内皮素的阳性表达 ,且经过预处理、存在慢性心肌缺血倾向的大鼠在更短的时间内出现了阳性染色 ;而假结扎对照组未见明显的阳性染色。结论　内皮素免疫组化检测可作为早期心肌缺血的病理诊断指标之一 ,并可为心性猝死 (SCD)的诊断提供形态学依据。     

The first woman in the process of book production in Livonia: the case of Ursula Krüger and Daniel Hermann

I present the first case from the history of early modern Livonia, when a woman participated in the editing and publication of a printed book. Ursula Krüger, wife of Prussian–Livonian humanist Daniel Hermann, illustrates the wider perspective of non-aristocratic women’s activities involving book production in the geographical periphery of humanist culture, Riga, rather than in the heart of European humanism. Her story also illustrates the ability of women to collaborate as an editor, both as a learned woman who could compose Latin dedications and a businesswoman who could financially and organizationally engage in publishing books.     

盟书--春秋时代特殊的法律文书

盟书是我国古代的一种应用文体,随着会盟制度的兴盛而繁荣起来,其应用与创作在春秋时代达到了顶峰。从盟书的写定、结构、保存与援引来看,盟书是春秋时代的一种特殊的法律文书,具有规范行为、监督各方践履相关协约的作用。     

Examining Temporal Associations Between School Connectedness and Early Adolescent Adjustment

This study examined (a) the associations between school connectedness and early adolescent adjustment problems over a 1 year period and (b) the equivalence of these associations across gender. Five hundred middle school students (53.4% female), initially in the 6th and 7th grades, participated in the two-wave study. Results from two-group cross-lagged panel analyses were consistent across boys’ and girls’ data. After controlling for baseline levels of adjustment problems, school connectedness predicted lower levels of early adolescent conduct problems 1 year later. Regarding the opposite direction of associations, and even after baseline levels of school connectedness were taken into account, conduct problems predicted lower levels of subsequent school connectedness. There were no cross-lagged associations between depressive symptoms and school connectedness, although elevated levels of baseline depressive symptoms predicted higher levels of subsequent conduct problems. Findings elaborate previous research by demonstrating that early adolescents actively shape the middle school environment.

春秋战国时期粮食安全思想的传承与当代战略选择

粮食是人类生存和发展的基本物质条件,是关系国家安全、政治稳定与社会和谐的重要战略性资源。粮食安全化与政治化是国际政治研究的热点问题之一。鉴于此,重新发现中国春秋战国时期已形成的粮食安全思想,从粮食对国家安全、国家权力以及国家道义层次考察彼时粮食安全思想,具有重要的现实意义。“不生粟之国亡”,粮食安全是国家安全的基础;“富国以粟”,粮食是国家富强的保证;粮食关乎人心向背和国家道义。齐桓公为建立霸业实施了粮食外交与粮食战略,开创了现代粮食战争的先河。“不生粟之国亡”是中国春秋战国时期粮食安全思想的核心和根本,也是对中国古代粮食安全思想再发现的落脚点。基于此,当代中国粮食安全战略应立足于坚持独立自主原则,保障国内粮食生产,积极开展粮食外交,实行粮食“走出去”战略,在全球化背景下确保实现国家粮食安全。这不仅是保障国家安全的重中之重,也是中华民族实现“中国梦”最重要的物质基石。     

新时期建立城市治安预警的理论依据阐释及意义分析

目前，我国警学界和公安部门对治安预警没有一个统一的界定，学者们从不同角度对治安预警的内涵进行了阐述。风险社会理论、危机管理理论和客观规律理论的发展和成熟，揭示了后现代化时期风险和危机时刻存在，并且日趋国际化，对公安实战部门提出了新的挑战和要求，因此建立一套符合我国国情的治安预警机制显得十分迫切。治安预警机制的建立现实意义深远，有利于增强公安机关的应变能力，履行维护社会治安秩序的使命，有利于增强人们的安全感，同时凸显了情报信息的作用，促进和谐警民关系的构建。     

试论清末民初的经济制度改革

清末民初虽然时间跨度不到 2 0年 ,但却是一个社会经济变迁较大时代。甲午战败 ,民族危机严重 ,以“振兴工商”为中心的“新政”成了濒临倾覆的清王朝挽救危机的主要手段。辛亥革命后 ,袁世凯政府也以“振兴实业”作为稳固其政权的重要方针。为此 ,相继颁行了一系列的经济政策。笔者运用新制度经济学理论探讨这一时期中国实行的由上而下的一系列经济制度改革 ,对中国资本主义的发展产生的作用和影响 ,由此揭示推进和制约近代中国资本主义发展的原因所在。     

养肝益水颗粒对高血压早期肾损害尿微量蛋白的影响

目的:观察养肝益水颗粒对高血压早期肾损害患者尿清蛋白排泄率(urinary albumin ex-cretion ratio,UAER)、尿微量清蛋白(microalbuminuria,MA)、β2微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin,β2-MG)、α1微球蛋白(α1-microglobulin,α1-MG)、转铁蛋白(transferrin,TRF),免疫球蛋白G(immu-noglobulin G,IgGu)的影响.方法:选择80例符合中医辨证的高血压早期肾损害患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组.两组均给予常规降压治疗.治疗组同时加服养肝益水颗粒.两组疗程均为4周.分别于治疗前和治疗4周后进行UAER、MA、α1-MG、β2-MG、TRF、IgGu测定.结果:治疗后两组UAER、MA、α1-MG、β2MG、TRF、IgGu水平均显著下降,且治疗组与对照纽比较,上述指标的差异具有显著性(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论:养肝益水颗粒具有减少高血压早期肾损害尿微量蛋白排出的作用.     

So far away from me? The effect of geographical distance on representation

Legislators face numerous trade-offs with regard to how to spend their time. One factor is, however, beyond their control: the distance between their constituency and the legislature. A more distant constituency implies increased travel, which decreases the time available for activities within the legislature itself, while also raising the possibility of centre–periphery dynamics in representation. Previous work has found that as distance between constituency and legislature increases, so does constituency focus, but it has not established why this is. This article explores the impact of geographical remoteness on representational activity, analysing a dataset of parliamentary activity in the British House of Commons (2005–2015), showing that the more remote an MP’s constituency, the less likely that MP is to attend votes, while being more likely to sign Early Day Motions. The article further shows that this is most likely driven by a centre–periphery dynamic rather than simply being a response to longer travel time.     

Cost‐Effectiveness of Early Childhood Interventions to Enhance Preschool: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Head Start Centers Enrolling Historically Underserved Populations

We evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of two early childhood interventions that use instructional coaching and parent coaching as levers for improvement. The study design allows us to compare the individual effects of each intervention as well as their combined effect on student outcomes. We find that teachers receiving instructional coaching improve their use of evidence‐based instructional practices, while families receiving parent coaching show increases in numerous responsive parenting behaviors associated with positive child outcomes. Both interventions demonstrate positive impacts on students, but only parent coaching shows statistically significant effects across a range of student outcomes. Instructional coaching alone is substantially less costly and may therefore be the most cost‐effective of the three treatment conditions; however, small sample sizes limit our ability to reach definitive conclusions. Policy simulations suggest that implementing these interventions could raise the overall cost‐effectiveness of Head Start by at least 16 percent.