大学生失眠症患者人格特征分析

本文运用明尼苏达多项个性调查表(MMPI)对39例咨询就诊的大学生失眠症患者进行测试,并对测 试结果进行了统计学分析,进而了解大学生失眠症患者的人格特征,为临床心理干预提供参考依据.调查显示,与中国常模相比,失眠症患者在疑病、抑郁、癔病、男子气、女子气、精神衰弱、精神分裂症和社会内向量表中得分高于常模,男女性别不同两组失眠症患者在疑病、抑郁、癔病、偏执狂、精神衰弱量表中存在显著性差异.失眠症患者具有显著的人格偏离.     

Detection of Malingered PTSD: An Overview of Clinical,Psychometric, and Physiological Assessment: Where Do We Stand?

ABSTRACT: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that can be easily malingered for secondary gain. For this reason, it is important for physicians to understand the phenomenology of true PTSD and indicators that suggest an individual is malingering. This paper reviews the prevalence of PTSD for both the general population and for specific events, such as rape and terrorism, to familiarize evaluators with the frequency of its occurrence. The diagnostic criteria for PTSD, as well as potential ambiguities in the criteria, such as what constitutes an exposure to a traumatic event, are reviewed. Identified risk factors are reviewed as a potential way to help differentiate true cases of PTSD from malingered cases. The question of symptom overreporting as a feature of the disease versus a sign of malingering is discussed. We then examine how the clinician can use the clinical interview (e.g., SIRS, CAPS), psychometric testing, and the patient's physiological responses to detect malingering. Particular attention is paid to research on the MMPI and the subscales of infrequency (F), infrequency-psychopathology (Fp), and infrequency-posttraumatic stress disorder (Fptsd). Research and questions regarding the accuracy of self-report questionnaires, specifically the Mississippi Scale (MSS) and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), are examined. Validity, usability, and cutoff values for other psychometric tests, checklists, and physiological tests are discussed. The review includes a case, which shows how an individual used symptom checklist information to malinger PTSD and the inconsistencies in his story that the evaluator detected. We conclude with a discussion regarding future diagnostic criteria and suggestions for research, including a systematic multifaceted approach to identify malingering.     

福建公安高等专科学校男生心理健康素质状况测查报告

本研究以MMPI为工具 ,测查福建公安高等专科学校男生的心理健康素质状况 ,结果显示 ,该校男生心理健康素质状况喜忧参半 ,并有自己的特点。尤其值得重视的是 ,有心理病态嫌疑或心理不适倾向的个案占 63 .6 % ,其中“亚健康”者占 44 .5% ;疑似病态的偏常类型以躁狂倾向、病态人格、躁郁倾向为主 ,合计占病态个案的 81 .0 %。因此 ,公安院校招生和公安机关招警应考虑引进心理测试筛查心理健康偏常者 ;公安院校应加强在校学生的心理健康辅导和心理素质训练 ,建立心理健康保障体制。     

重刑罪犯的人格特征分析

目的 探讨重刑罪犯人格特征和相关因素,为罪犯心理矫治和犯罪预防提供建议.方法 采用明尼苏达多相人格调查表(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory,MMPI)对服刑中期和新入监的重刑罪犯进行测量.结果 比较重刑罪犯组与正常组的MMPI因子,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),其中F、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc因子的原始分明显高于正常组;Pd因子T均分高于常模一个标准差者所占比例最高;在F、Hs、D、Hy、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma分量表上,T分大于常模者的比例较大;两点编码超常态比例较大.结论 重刑罪犯是人格障碍的高发人群,需加强对其人格障碍的矫治研究.     

我国女性服刑人员MMPI测试结果分析

本研究采用明尼苏达多相人格量表(MMPI)对我国女性服刑人员进行测试,结果发现在押女性服刑人员人格与正常人人格没有显著差异;采用美国常模和中国常模的总体趋势是一致的,从现有的数据来看,美国常模对于区分高低分特征更具有现实意义;典型案例中的犯罪人员人格特征缺少普遍性,不能代表犯罪人群的总体。     

男子性犯罪者个性特征研究

为探讨个性素质因素与男子性犯罪行为的关系，本文采用ＭＭＰＩ分别对９３名强奸犯、２０名奸幼犯、５１名流氓犯和４８名盗窃犯进行了测定，对此四种类型罪犯的个性心理测量结果进行了比较。结果表明：其中强奸犯、奸幼犯的Ｐｄ、Ｐａ、Ｓｃ等量表分数都较正常人高；而且Ｐａ、Ｓｃ量表分数也较流氓犯、盗窃犯高。在ＭＭＰＩ剖析图上构成４—８型或４—６—８型模式，且附加量表Ｒｅ呈明显低分。说明男子性犯罪中强奸犯具有乏社交、判断力差、过分敏感、行为星冲动性的个性特征。     

男、女戒毒劳教人员精神卫生状况的对照研究

目的采用目前较为成熟的人格、心理测量量表,研究戒毒劳教人员的人格特征、心理卫生状况。方法对16～61岁的508名戒毒劳教人员(其中男性258人,女性250人)进行MMPI、SCL-90的测试。结果MMPI测试显示男性戒毒劳教人员Hs、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma均高于临界值,以Hs和Pa为最高;女性Hs、Pd、Pt、Sc均高于临界值,以Hs和Pd为最高。SCL-90测试显示戒毒劳教人员在各因子分上均高于中国常模,女性甚于男性。结论戒毒劳教人员普遍存在个性特征异常和心理卫生问题,男性者个性特征异常更为突出,女性者心理卫生状况尤其值得关注。     

暴力罪犯人格特征的初步研究

对160名暴力性罪犯进行MMPI问卷测试,并调查他们的基本情况,研究暴力性罪犯的人格特征。结果表明:一、男性暴力罪犯主要犯罪类型是抢劫罪,女性暴力罪犯主要犯罪类型是杀人罪;二、男性暴力罪犯年龄集中在30岁以下,女性暴力罪犯年龄集中在30岁以上;三、男性暴力罪犯L、F、K、Hs、D、Hy、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma、Si量表分与对照组差异显著,女暴力罪犯在F、K、Hs、Hy、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma量表分与对照组差异显著。因此,男女暴力罪犯人格障碍均比普通人群严重,其中女性暴力罪犯在犯杀人罪方面显著高于男性暴力罪犯。     

Comparison of MMPI psychopathic deviate scores of battered and nonbattered women

Despite the voluminous research using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, little research has been done evaluating the MMPI for assessing personality profiles and psychopathology in victims of domestic violence. The current study focused on the Psychopathic Deviate scale (scale 4), and the Harris and Lingoes subscales measuring specific aspects of this concept. The objective was to evaluate whether a clinical population of battered women differed from a nonbattered group drawn from a similar clinical setting. The battered group scored higher on the full scale (p .001), the Authority Problems scale (p .001), the Social Alienation scale, (p .01), and the Social Imperturbability scale (p .05). There was no difference on Self-Alienation. The score on Family Discord (Pd1) was the most elevated for the battered group, falling just below moderately elevated. Within the battered group, the score on Family Discord (M =69.11) was significantly more highly elevated than the score on Self-Alienation (M =60.4) (the next most highly elevated score). These findings suggest that there is an association between elevated scale 4 scores and victimization by domestic violence. However, it is essential that clinicians carefully evaluate such scores in the context of each individual situation before attributing causation.     

公安民警MMPI测查结果

以MMPI测查222名男民警、23名女民警的结果显示:1.男女公安民警的群体心理特点:防御戒备心理突出,比普通人更敏感;更夸张做作;抑郁心态、精神变态、性度倒错、妄想偏执、精神衰弱、精神分裂症倾向和社会内向的水平较低,尤以大学学历男警最为显著。2.公安民警的心理健康状况不容乐观:仅32.9%男警和13.0%女警可确信无心理障碍;有49.5%男警和60.9%女警可能存在不同程度的心理障碍,男警中还可能有重性精神病患者存疑待查。3.公安民警心理偏常绝大多数属于心理亚健康,心理亚健康与疑似病态的比例,男警7.3:2.7,女警9.3:0.7;其主要类型,男民警亚健康和疑似病态均为神经症性障碍(主要是躯体形式障碍和抑郁性神经症);女民警亚健康为神经症性障碍(主要是躯体形式障碍、抑郁性神经症)和情感性障碍(多为躁狂倾向)。因此,切实加强公安民警的心理保健工作,刻不容缓。