农耕文化中的"孕育仪式"及其在少数民族中的遗存

“孕育仪式”是农耕文化的一种文化现象,是许多农耕民族都曾存在过的农业祭祀。作为古老的原始宗教祭仪,它寄寓着农业民族的许多观念和信仰,在农耕社会中经历着传承和蜕变的历史演进过程,近代许多少数民族的民俗活动中还有遗存。透过“孕育仪式”的文化表象,我们依稀看到人类在认识和改造客观世界、把握自然规律过程中所走过的一段曲折而漫长的经历。     

东亚区域的文化共性探析——以日本茶道和谐美的考察为中心

区域一体化是集经济一体化、政治一体化、社会规范化和文化均质化于一身的综合进程,这一进程起步于经济领域,外溢于政治、防务和社会领域,但将终结于文化领域.重新审视、追溯东亚区域文化的源流,寻求东亚区域各国的文化共性,对于促进东亚区域的和平、繁荣,有着积极的现实意义.本文将以日本茶道为例,探讨东亚和谐思想的共性.     

勘合贸易与日本茶道的诞生

以日本茶道为代表的日本独特的审美意识是日本文化艺术的精髓所在。关于其历史形成过程的研究尚不多见，在日本国内的研究多重视与日本固有神学的联系。本文力图将日本茶道的形成过程放在中日交流的历史背景中去考察，探讨发生于15、16世纪的中日之间的勘合贸易及其东渡的唐物对日本人独特审美意识发生的影响。     

我国文物修复成果的独创性分析与保护模式研究

文物修复引发的著作权纠纷实质是修复主体利益与公共利益之间的矛盾,其核心问题在于判断修复成果是否具备独创性。借助独创性层次理论可以科学建构作品的概念,却得出文物修复成果不可认定为作品的结论,引发狭义著作权难以保护文物修复成果与修复方智力劳动之困境。尝试借鉴我国台湾地区版权的立法制度可以解决这一问题,分析引入制版权的正当性,从词义、制版权建构的法律关系等角度考察,可将其纳入邻接权保护体系。     

The History and Future Trends of ART Medicine and Law

The Assisted Reproductive Technologies (“ART”) have resulted in over eight million births to date, heralding remarkable advances in reproductive medicine with a transformational impact on both medicine and law. The effects have been acutely felt on the modern family, as well as on a myriad of areas of legal practice—including Family Law, Estate Planning, Contract, Health, Constitutional, Criminal, Discrimination, Tort Law and, for international arrangements, Immigration and Citizenship laws. This article examines the historical context, present impact, and future trends of ART and the Law. Its purpose is to help better understand these unique developments in order to help law and policy makers harness and craft the policies and frameworks that will be needed to monitor, shape and guide these remarkable possibilities for participants, professionals, law and society.     

Dodging the Donor Daddy Drama: Creating a Model Statute for Determining Parental Status of Known Sperm Donors

Despite recent innovations in alternative reproduction technology and the increased use of artificial insemination procedures, courts and legislatures have been unable to develop a clear and consistent test to establish the parental rights and obligations of sperm donors. As a result, there are mixed outcomes in cases where intended parents seek child support from an unsuspecting donor or when donors petition the court for visitation with their biological children. This Note seeks to resolve the ambiguity in determining sperm donors’ parental status by proposing a model state statute that makes nonpaternity the default rule. Under the statute, sperm donors would not be subject to any of the parental rights or obligations of a traditional biological father. However, the presumption of nonpaternity could be overcome if the parties agree, in writing, prior to the insemination. Further, the model statute provides an exception to the default rule if the donor has played an active role in the child's life. Adopting this model statute will not only facilitate a market for sperm donation but also make donor rights and obligations clear from the onset.

Key Points for the Family Court Community
• Today, infants born using artificial reproduction technology (ART) represent more than one percent of children born in the United States annually.
• When a donor is anonymous, the law is clear: the donor is not a legal parent. However, the law regarding known donors is less straightforward. Depending on the state and the particular circumstances, the parental status of a known donor is questionable.
• The ambiguity in the law creates confusion and disagreement among the parties in a donor agreement. By comparing factually similar cases, in which courts interpreted donor statutes with identical language, in completely opposite ways, it is easy to see the unpredictability in ART cases.
• The proposed model statute provides unambiguous legislation that sets out a clear standard to be used in determining the parental status of known donors. If adopted by state legislatures, courts across the country would finally have a consistent rule to apply, leading to less confusion and contradictory rulings.
• The key issue is honoring intentional parentage and the proactive choice to use ART to have a child on one's own terms.

     

“后申遗”时代的公共性发生与文化再生产

"保护还是开发"作为中国申遗实践的热点问题,其实质是中国当代文化中产业与精英两个文化阶层借助官方观念错位而展开的话语竞争。关注遗产持有群体的文化觉醒,标志着"后申遗"时代的到来。遗产公共性是觉醒的遗产持有者,以遗产为公共性实现的符号媒介,借助遗产媒介实现公共参与与群体沟通。在当下申遗实践中,遗产公共性已在"遗产话语"、"遗产表演"、"遗产资源"与"遗产行政"四个维度发生。遗产公共性的社会建构应落脚在遗产的"文化再生产"之上。     

Transgender Family Law

Transgender people face unique issues in parentage, custody, and divorce cases. Many transgender people are raising children or wish to do so. This article examines the main legal issues facing transgender people who become parents by giving birth or impregnating a partner, through assisted reproduction, through marriage, by raising a child, or through adoption. In the past, some courts viewed a parent's gender transition as a sufficient reason to terminate parental rights. Today, the law has shifted to provide much more security for transgender parents, though significant bias still remains, particularly in divorce and child custody cases. In addition, many states have not yet fully addressed how to determine the legal parentage of children born through assisted reproduction. I analyze the legal landscape for transgender parents and spouses and offer critical suggestions to ensure that transgender people are able to protect their families and their parental rights.     

对生育权的法律思考

生育权是民事主体依法享有的具有普遍性、平等性的人格权。妇女生育权说、夫妻生育权说均存在局限性。生育权的行使发生冲突时 ,应优先保护女性的生育权。生殖技术的运用是生育权实现的重要方式 ,不能一概否定 ,而是应通过立法加以规范。     

中韩仪式剧比较研究

本文以中国的＂还坛神＂和韩国的＂东海岸别神祭＂为主要研究对象,对中韩两国仪式剧进行比较,寻求其普遍性和特殊性。从演出形态来看,中韩仪式剧主要集中在仪式的娱神酬神阶段演出,其基本形态是祭夹戏;但中国仪式剧较多的是以戏代祭,韩国仪式剧一般是先祭后戏。从艺术品格来看,二者具有拙朴、风趣、即兴的艺术品格,均包含了一些游戏的特质。但中国仪式剧较多的具备戏曲萌芽的特征,韩国仪式剧较多的具备原始演剧的特征。