The association between childhood sexual abuse and sexual coercion in men: a test of possible mediators

ABSTRACT

We examined the associations between childhood sexual abuse (CSA), childhood physical abuse (CPA), sexual domain variables, antisocial tendencies, and sexually coercive behaviour in a non-forensic sample of 173 heterosexual men. CSA was associated with paraphilic interests and experiences, a more extensive sexual life history, and early antisocial tendencies. CPA was associated with paraphilic interests and experiences, more self-reported delinquency, higher sensation seeking, and early antisocial tendencies. Sexual domain variables (e.g. number of sexual partners, sexual interest in sadomasochism) mediated the link between CSA and sexually coercive behaviour, but antisocial domain variables (e.g. delinquency, sensation seeking) did not. Of the two sexual domains examined, extensive sexual life history rather than paraphilias mediated the association between CSA and sexually coercive behaviour. These results suggest CSA and CPA are associated with both sexual and antisocial outcomes, and that, for some victims of CSA, having an extensive sexual life history may account for the association between CSA and sexually coercive behaviour later in life.     

试论作家苏童童年生活对作品的影响

苏童是苏州人,在苏州出生,生长到18岁才离开苏州北上北京求学,苏州对于青少年时期的苏童的影响是巨大的。大学时期就热衷于从事文学创作的苏童,在写作时就自然会将文学的触角伸向自己所熟知的青少年时期生活,因此苏童的作品中有很多故事是写南方的、写苏州的。苏州对于苏州籍的作家苏童来说影响是深远的。     

A Profile of Violent Offenders in Spanish Prisons

In Europe, it is relatively uncommon to find studies that investigate the criminal profiles of violent offenders, especially infrequent are those that pay special attention to offenders’ mental health/substance use disorders and histories of violence during childhood. The current research explores whether inmates who are incarcerated for violent offenses (n = 536) in Spain are different in terms of the aforementioned factors as compared to inmates incarcerated for non-violent offenses (n = 536). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that violent offenders, as compared to their non-violent counterparts, were more likely to be younger, younger at the time of their first arrest, single, use alcohol, receive treatment in prison for anxiety or schizophrenia, and report physical abuse during childhood.     

论刘庆邦小说中的亲情缺失

当代著名作家刘庆邦是一位自我体验型作家,童年的成长经历直接影响他的小说题材的选择和风格的构建。亲情缺失是刘庆邦小说文本中一种典型的情感缺失现象,主要表现为父爱缺失和母爱缺失。因此,只有深入分析这种亲情缺失中父性母性的萌发、亲情缺失少儿的成长困境等,并进而探讨亲情缺失对少儿成长所带来的深远影响,才能进一步思考和研究刘庆邦亲情缺失书写的创作动因。     

论童年经验对孙犁与赵树理文学创作的影响

20世纪40年代出现在解放区的著名作家孙犁和赵树理，一直备受关注，因其童年经验的影响，其创作呈现出了两种截然不同的风格和创作风貌，为此在批评史上也经历了此起彼伏的升降变化。母亲的慈爱与善良对孙犁的滋润，使得孙犁对真善美有着独特的理解与感悟，并形成了他对美的执著追求与向往，进而形成了超越现实层面，追求美、书写美的浪漫主义理想情怀及书写范式。对赵树理而言，苦难的童年和周围人艰辛的现实生活使得他不可能无视现实处境的残酷和农民的生存苦难，无法避开复杂的农村社会矛盾和斗争，因而形成了直面现实的现实主义情怀及现实主义书写方式。     

Age and Gender Differences in Peer Conflict

The purpose of this study was to examine age and gender differences in peer conflict, particularly in regards to conflict issues and resolution strategies reported by children and adolescents. Students from grades 4 and 8 (60 boys, 60 girls) were asked interview questions and given 3 hypothetical scenarios to respond to. Teacher and self-reports were also gathered for each student to assess their level of adaptive ability. The results showed that adolescents tended to report higher rates of conflict and endorsed more cooperative strategies than 4th graders, who endorsed more aggressive tactics. Female students reported having more relational issues and used more conflict-mitigating strategies, while boys reported having more conflicts related to status/dominance. Finally, links were also found between effective resolution strategies and social ability. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.M. A. Noakes received her Master's degree from the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Alberta, Canada. Her current research interests include assessment of at-risk youth, relapse prevention programs for young offenders, and social emotional functioning of children and adolescents.C. M. Rinaldi her doctorate from the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology at McGill University, Canada. Her current research interests include applied developmental psychology, social emotional functioning of children and adolescents, and parent-child relations.     

Willingness to Self-Disclose among Late Adolescent Female Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse

The primary aim of this study was to compare the willingness of sexually abused (n = 22) and non–sexually abused (n = 36) late adolescent women to self-disclose both general and sexual information to strangers and intimate partners. Results, based on a sample of college women, indicate that those who were sexually abused in childhood are less likely than nonabused counterparts to be highly disclosing of sexual and general information to intimate partners. Avoiding extensive disclosure of personal information to intimate partners may serve to keep survivors of abuse at a relatively safe distance from their own dysphoric feelings and suggests that mistrust of others is an ongoing issue for this population.     

集体记忆情境下的“80后”晒童年现象的社会学思考

80后晒童年现象是潮流回归和怀旧时尚的表现，暗示着80后即将逐渐担负起社会责任的开始，但是其中也或隐或显地潜藏着80后青年一代组织归属感和文化归属感缺失的征兆。“集体记忆”作为社会学中集体行动一种特殊的方式，应当引起各级决策者的重视，努力加强青年组织建设，增进青年的归属和认同感，各类新闻媒体要坚持正确的舆论导向，发挥健康的价值引导作用，推动青年亚文化向健康、活泼、高雅的方向发展。     

Cost‐Effectiveness of Early Childhood Interventions to Enhance Preschool: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Head Start Centers Enrolling Historically Underserved Populations

We evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of two early childhood interventions that use instructional coaching and parent coaching as levers for improvement. The study design allows us to compare the individual effects of each intervention as well as their combined effect on student outcomes. We find that teachers receiving instructional coaching improve their use of evidence‐based instructional practices, while families receiving parent coaching show increases in numerous responsive parenting behaviors associated with positive child outcomes. Both interventions demonstrate positive impacts on students, but only parent coaching shows statistically significant effects across a range of student outcomes. Instructional coaching alone is substantially less costly and may therefore be the most cost‐effective of the three treatment conditions; however, small sample sizes limit our ability to reach definitive conclusions. Policy simulations suggest that implementing these interventions could raise the overall cost‐effectiveness of Head Start by at least 16 percent.