Variation in the perception of desired qualities of police officers among trainees and senior police officers. Insights into the process and efficacy of police training

Police training is the process of imparting knowledge, skills, and values to police personnel. The study analyses a survey data on the perception of trainees and senior experienced officers regarding desired professional qualities in police officers. There is a high degree of congruence, in the assessment of values which are important for police, among the two groups. There are also differences among the two groups regarding the evaluation of the importance of interpersonal skills and human qualities. The study attempts to explain the similarities and the differences in perception by examining the conservative and innovative nature of police training, and the role of experience in developing an appreciation of human qualities. The study underlines the importance of police training as a mechanism to maintain the stability of operations in the organisation and its pivotal role in bringing about change in the police.     

小额诉讼中强制与合意之调适

我国现行小额诉讼程序存在着过度僵化适用的情形,主要表现在案件限额标准之上。强制性是小额诉讼程序最重要的特征之一,通过对小额诉讼强制性表征的分析,发现当前司法实践中已经逐步确认当事人合意选择适用小额诉讼制度。合意适用进入小额诉讼是完善我国小额诉讼程序的最佳路径,通过在小额诉讼中加入当事人程序选择权,平衡小额诉讼当事人的权利与义务,扩大小额诉讼适用的范围。可以借鉴我国台湾地区的运作模式,根据诉讼标的额的大小分别确定强制性适用、合意性适用和强制性不适用的层次空间。