Gruesome Crimes of Japan's Unit 731

正SINCE the unveiling of new evidence of biological experiments on humans conducted by the Japanese army in China in the fi rst half of the last century,the brutality of Imperial Japan and its militarism have been universally denounced.The testing of chemical and biological weapons on live humans by Unit 731of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II is among the most savage acts in human history.A post-war investigation conducted by the United States showed that,in 1943 alone,over800 people fell victim to Unit 731’s tests.By 1945,the number was around     

试论英汉委婉语的构成及其文化寓意的差异

委婉语是人类语言使用过埕中的一种普遍现象。它是一种修辞格,更是一种文化现象。文章从语用学的角 度探讨了委婉语的构成方式及其语用功能,并进一步探讨了英汉委婉语各自所含的文化寓意的差异,从而加深对委 婉语产生根源的理解并通过对英汉委婉语的文化寓意对比,做到有意识地提高学习者跨文化交际能力。     

‘Telling our Way of Life': Modes of Mediating Social Life in German and Polish Primary-School Textbooks

The events of 1989-1991 in Central and Eastern Europe brought political and economic changes to the post-Communist societies, which required them to redraw the social and psychological maps of their countries and carried with them the promise of partaking in the 'Western way of life'. The introduction of liberalised ideologies, both at the official level and in most of the freed media, also had to be translated into the countries' education systems. New textbooks that would accommodate the new social and political realities had to be written. We are interested in this article in whether and how these new realities are reflected in primary-school teaching materials. For this paper, our analysis will focus on data from two current textbooks that are used in German and Polish primary schools, respectively. We shall be focusing particularly upon those units of the book aimed at defining or describing realities. Taking into account both linguistic and visual modes of representation, we are interested in revealing the 'way of life', the lived ideologies, constructed in these textbooks.     

英语中的委婉表达

英语委婉语包括禁忌语的替代形式和英语的礼貌表达等几方面。替代形式从功能上分,主要有:避免刺激,给人以安慰;消除粗俗,给人以文雅;摒弃陈腐,给人以新颖。礼貌表达主要包括:命令、请求的礼貌表达;批评、指责的礼貌表达;拒绝的礼貌表达。在跨文化交际中,了解和掌握委婉表达的实际运用十分重要。     

大学生委婉语的使用动机研究

对大学生委婉语的使用动机进行了调查。结果表明，大学生委婉语的使用动机主要有：（1）掩饰与自我保护；（2）避讳；（3）幽默；（4）礼貌；（5）策略表达。大学生委婉语的使用动机有性别、年级和专业差异。男生的掩饰与自我保护、幽默、策略表达动机强于女生。大一学生委婉语的使用动机和其他年级学生差异显著。工科学生掩饰与自我保护动机强于文科学生。     

TABOO AND EUPHEMISM

Taboo is a ruin to the principle of appropriateness in using language and is to be avoided for polite communication. Different cultures, though sharing some, have different taboos, which makes it necessary to have some knowledge of taboo both in foreign language and in our own in order to avoid their use and to carry out cross-cultural communication effectively and successfully.Another solution of taboo is the use of euphemism, which is not only to avoid using taboo, but also to beautify the language. Both ...