从欧盟农产品进口标准看我国农产品出口竞争力

欧盟农产品进口的卫生标准、安全标准的调整 ,影响到我国农产品出口欧盟的市场竞争力。提高我国农产品在欧盟市场竞争力的对策应是 :尽快制定我国农产品安全卫生标准 ,生产标准化农产品 ;加强农产品质量安全管理 ;把农业合作社作为农产品标准化实施的组织载体 ;生产具有国际优势的农产品 ;搞好农产品分类分级与包装。     

Temporeras and Household Relations: Seasonal Employment in Chile's Agro-Export Sector

Abstract — This paper considers how the growth in non-traditional fruit and vegetable exports has affected female employment patterns and the consequences this may have for household and gender relations. Within export agriculture, there has emerged a demand for specifically female labour, providing rural women with employment opportunities that had not previously existed. The majority of the female workers have only seasonal work and this has led to their designation as temporeras. Through a variety of interview material drawn from the experiences of women living and working in Region IV and VI, the paper seeks to reveal the complexities involved in attempting to conceptualise women's involvement in this emergent labour market. The composition of the household and the level of household income are important factors in determining women's labour force participation. The case studies appear to show that in spite of the hard work and unprotected conditions, working as a temporera is a desirable employment for women. The paper argues that the sweeping changes in the agricultural sector, in which women had previously been marginalised as'unpaid family labour', have created opportunities for them to rework household relations.     

Labour flexibility in export horticulture: a case study of northeast Brazilian grape production

This article analyses the nature and extent of labour flexibility, defined as lack of permanent and secure employment contracts, within an emerging export horticulture sector in northeast Brazil. Whilst much has been written about flexible employment systems in agriculture, it is important to show exactly why, how, and to what extent these systems are flexible, and conversely, what kinds of strategies and practices are available to workers to ameliorate their conditions within such systems. This article illustrates how a combination of processes – farms' ability to produce two harvests per annum, northern retailers' increasing demands for product quality, employers' requirements for relatively skilled labour, and workers' ability to organise and extract concessions from employers – contribute, within the conditions of the São Francisco valley, to specific labour regimes and forms of labour flexibility.     

Exporting to China and ASEAN countries： Perceived advancement in marketing competencies and export performance

Malaysians firms have made inroads into the non-traditional export markets. Such ventures are expected to result in increased knowledge about the marketing systems that are posited to be different from the traditional export markets. This paper reports on the perceived improvement in marketing competencies of Malaysian exporters. The results of data analysis show that there are five dimensions of marketing competency. In ranking order, segmenting and targeting competency is ranked highest followed by product management, export management, product differentiation and promotion. Multiple regression analysis was performed to test the explanatory power of each marketing competency on export performance of firms exporting to China and ASEAN countries. The result revealed that none of the marketing competency explained the variation in export performance for the China market. However, among exporters in ASEAN countries, it was noted that promotion competency resulted in a negative impact on both measures of export performance. Product competency is positively associated with financial measure of export performance. Competencies in segmenting and targeting, and export management are positively associated with non-financial performance.     

实施"科技兴贸"发展广西出口

“科技兴贸”是党的十五大提出的“科教兴国”战略在外经贸领域的具体体现 ,它对于广西大力促进高新技术产品出口和利用高新技术改造传统出口产业 ,密切科技与外贸的结合 ,扩大广西出口市场空间 ,拉动广西经济发展具有重大意义。目前广西的出口商品形态、出口工作方式和服务方式都不同程度地落后于发达国家与地区 ,必须按“科技兴贸”战略要求 ,加强对开放型经济的领导 ,建立相关部门联合工作机制 ;完善思路 ,制订发展目标和规划 ;加强政府引导 ,不断推出扶持高新技术产业发展的政策措施 ,改善环境 ,加大投入 ,帮助企业实现出口商品结构向高度化转变 ;广西还应改进出口工作及服务方式 ,将高新技术开发区培养成先发制人的出口基地 ,同时抓好技术引进 ,间接扩大高新技术产品出口。     

通货紧缩对我国经济发展的制约分析

通货紧缩是困扰我国经济发展的一个重要问题 ,其对经济发展产生了不良影响。投资需求、消费需求、出口需求的不平衡是形成通货紧缩的重要原因 ,治理通货紧缩应从优化投资、扩大消费需求、增加出口等方面入手。     

山东省出口贸易与人均GDP增长的实证分析

根据山东省1984-2007年的统计数据,运用协整方法,对出口与经济增长的实证分析结果表明,山东省出口与人均GDP均为一阶单整序列;运用Engle-Granger两步法建立的协整回归方程和误差修正模型表明,出口对人均GDP增长具有极强的拉动作用,二者之间存在着长期稳定的动态均衡关系。     

我国出口退税新机制存在的问题及对策研究

出口退税政策的主要作用在于提高出口货物国际竞争力,优化出口产品结构并促进外贸出口持续发展。一个符合WTO规则且有效率的出口退税机制应当具备出口产品结构最优、财政负担均衡、税企权责对等三个基本条件。我国应不断完善现行出口退税机制,在坚持中央和地方共同负担出口退税的前提下,进一步深化税制改革、财政分税制改革和外贸体制改革,充分调动中央和地方两个积极性,实现中央政府和地方政府以及出口企业三赢的局面,促进我国外贸经济的稳定发展。     

造就“品牌农民工”之我见

造就一个个叫得响的“品牌农民工”,可以使务工农民在劳务的转移过程中显示出其独特的魅力,成为市场有力的竞争者。在品牌“包装”下,农民工利用自己的“无形财富”,可以获得更多的就业空间,增加更多的收入。     

大国战略竞争与美国对华技术政策变迁

世界政治领导国的对外技术政策很大程度上源于应对大国战略竞争的需要。当美国面临直接、迫切的大国战略竞争压力时,更愿意通过放宽技术进口和出口限制来争取合作者、应对竞争者,即"利用强者打败更强者"。自20世纪70年代以来,美国对华技术政策经历了从逐步放松再到加强限制这一过程。苏联的安全竞争压力迫使美国在加强对苏技术出口限制的同时,放宽对华技术出口限制。日本的经济竞争压力促使美国在加强对日技术进口限制的同时,放宽对华技术进口限制。应对直接、迫切的大国战略竞争压力,会促使世界政治的领导国更重视当期利益,同时也为潜在竞争者的成长提供机会。而当苏联和日本对美国构成的大国战略竞争压力逐渐褪去时,美国对华技术政策再度面临调整压力,以致于今为甚,通过发起对华贸易战,打压中国高新技术产业,全面收紧了对华高技术进出口限制。美国的技术竞争将是今后很长时间中国技术进步难以绕过的阻碍。