大学英语评估系统的现状及改革建议

当前的大学英语教学评估系统包括三个子系统:基础阶段结束时的四、六级英语考试;各学期期末的学业考试;社会对大学生英语综合能力的需求和评价。但是,由于许多学校和用人单位都把四、六级考试作为考核的终极标准,导致现在的大学英语教学整个只是围绕四、六级考试进行,而四、六级考试本身又存在许多问题,造成了一种恶性循环;各学期期末的学业考试失去了其本身的意义,只是一种四、六级考试的模拟;学生也缺乏适当的途径去了解社会对英语运用能力的实际需求。这三个子系统对大学英语的教学产生了严重的负面反拨效应,要想对大学英语进行改革,首先就要从评估系统着手。     

论最高额抵押权的决算与实现问题

抵押权是债权的重要担保方式之一,不过抵押权正在从单纯的债权保全功能向融资功能演进,最高额抵押权则是此项演进的重要标志之一。我国的担保法对其决算与实现的规范相当简陋,实践中缺乏具体的可操作性依据。我国应借鉴日本民法的相关规范来完善我国的最高额抵押权制度。     

REASSESSING RACE DISPARITIES IN MARYLAND CAPITAL CASES*

A generation of research studies that were conducted in multiple states and covered different time periods has found evidence that individuals who kill white victims encounter a greater risk of facing the death penalty than killers of black victims. More recently, research has also examined the likelihood of death penalty processing for black defendants who kill white victims in comparison with other defendant–victim race groups. In particular, a study in Maryland conducted by Paternoster et al. (2003) found evidence that offenders in black defendant–white victim cases were more likely to be death noticed by prosecutors and to receive a death sentence than other offenders. A recent analysis by Berk, Li, and Hickman (2005) raised questions about some of these findings. In this article, we conduct new analyses and conclude that black defendants who kill white victims face a greater risk of adverse treatment than other types of defendants.     

我国民事执行回转理论基础与制度构造的革新

我国民事执行回转制度一方面因在实践运行中背离民事诉讼法的立法趣旨,出现了“审执合一”的程序构造和可能被执行回转之诉替代之问题;另一方面因生成于传统职权主义诉讼体制,又面临着理论基础和制度构造都需要彻底改造的问题。相较于其他被执行财产事后救济制度,民事执行回转制度对于实现诉讼经济和诉讼迅速的理念,促成纠纷一次性或最大化解决,有着十分明显的制度优势。因此,将民事执行回转制度由职权进行主义运行模式改造成贯彻处分权主义的运行模式,使之在保留原有制度功能及优势的同时,又符合新时代民事诉讼的发展需要,是当下民事强制执行法立法过程中应予充分考虑和努力解决的重大课题。具体制度构建上,应将不当得利之债规定为民事执行回转制度的实体法基础,并将其定性为实质诉讼规范;坚持审执分立的程序构造和排除另诉的处理方案;将回转制度规定在民事诉讼法“审判程序”编中,并设立裁判解释程序。     

民事"循环诉讼"诱因及解决构想

民事诉讼中存在着案件经再审程序审理后并没有及时终结反而进入新一轮审理中的循环诉讼现象。通过分析这种现象的危害指出民事诉讼再审程序的立法价值取向失衡和制度设计存在漏洞是诱发该现象的主要原因 ,进而提出以建立再审程序一审终局制为重点的解决构想。     

民事行政公诉基本原则之探讨

鉴于民事行政公诉在维护国家利益、社会公共利益方面的独有作用,在我国建立民事行政公诉制度已被提上议事日程,成为社会各界关注的焦点。检察机关提起民事行政公诉时必须遵循以下基本原则:公益原则、国家干预原则、最终救济原则、客观义务原则、公益优先兼顾私益原则。     

刑事诉讼审级制度研究

我国刑事诉讼制度实行的是二审终审的审级制度 ,它有利于及时处理案件 ,减少诉讼参与人的讼累 ,体现了诉讼的效率原则。但在司法实践中 ,二审终审制也暴露出许多不足之处。因此 ,应改革现行的审级制度 ,实行三审终审制     

论特别权力关系问题之解决路径——以“否定说”为视角

特别权力关系理论在近些年已经成为我国行政法的热门话题,行政法学者也对其进行了深入的研究和激烈的讨论,笔者探讨了目前我国是否需要特别权力关系理论,并且对于特别权力关系问题提出了相关解决路径.     

THE CONTEXT OF MARRIAGE AND CRIME: GENDER,THE PROPENSITY TO MARRY,AND OFFENDING IN EARLY ADULTHOOD*

Marriage is central to theoretical debates over stability and change in criminal offending over the life course. Yet, unlike other social ties such as employment, marriage is distinct in that it cannot be randomly assigned in survey research to more definitively assess causal effects of marriage on offending. As a result, key questions remain as to whether different individual propensities toward marriage shape its salience as a deterrent institution. Building on these issues, the current research has three objectives. First, we use a propensity score matching approach to estimate causal effects of marriage on crime in early adulthood. Second, we assess sex differences in the effects of marriage on offending. Although both marriage and offending are highly gendered phenomena, prior work typically focuses on males. Third, we examine whether one's propensity to marry conditions the deterrent capacity of marriage. Results show that marriage suppresses offending for males, even when accounting for their likelihood to marry. Furthermore, males who are least likely to marry seem to benefit most from this institution. The influence of marriage on crime is less robust for females, where marriage reduces crime only for those with moderate propensities to marry. We discuss these findings in the context of recent debates concerning gender, criminal offending, and the life course.     

消费者概念的法律思考

消费者是社会最终产品和服务的接受者,是购买、使用、持有、处分、接受商品和服务的人,是具有最终消费行为的主体。判断消费者的依据是最终消费行为,不应考虑行为者的目的、动机:是否以盈利为目的;是否为满足“生活需要”。在单位以最终消费主体而非以经营者身份与其他经营者形成的生活消费关系中,单位是消费者。