The Formal Delegation of Regulatory Decisions in the Telecommunication Sector: An Explanation Using Classification Trees

Research on regulation has traditionally focused on studying the delegation of regulatory competencies from political principals to an independent regulatory agency. In this article, we argue that this delegation is nuanced by different factors that affect whether a specific regulatory decision is formally delegated. We examine and explain formal delegation patterns at the level of individual regulatory decisions in twelve countries located in Europe, Latin America, and South Asia. The data were gathered by coding the twelve countries' telecommunications legislation. The data analysis was undertaken using a classification tree model—a nonparametric model. We found that the maturity of the market has the greatest effect on the formal delegation of regulatory decisions, but this effect is also influenced by the other theoretical factors considered, particularly the level of political constraints and the type of regulation.     

The political economy of ‘flex trees’: a preliminary analysis

With the rise of ‘bioeconomy’, trees are receiving increasing attention. This contribution conducts a preliminary analysis of the trajectories and the main drivers of change in the rise of new, flexible and multiple uses of trees. It assesses the political dimensions involved in this transformation, which is simultaneously ongoing, anticipated and imagined. Notes are offered on the issues to be considered when the flex-crop framework is operationalized to include the study of trees, and additional conceptualizations that help in analyzing the political economy of tree uses are provided. Areas needing further empirical study are identified and a preliminary research agenda is suggested. The flexible and multiple use of trees and tree-derived commodities is having a large impact on power relations in the global political economy of forestry and the forest industry, the asymmetry of which is based on who is best able to flex or de-multiply, thereby controlling commodity webs and processing technology. It is argued that while flexing seems to increase diversity, in practice it typically increases this only for the processing industry; the converse occurs in terms of the unification of the productive base into monocultures. However, these two processes go hand in hand, and illustrate how flexing is a deeply capitalist process.     

重复供述的排除规则研究

如果能够证明初次供述涉嫌用非法手段获取,此后在合法的讯问程序下作出若干份相似的再次供述是否应当排除,是非法证据排除必须解决的问题。排除重复供述的标准在于非法行为与重复供述的联系密切程度,应当运用"五步排除法"权衡。     

论甘肃农业退耕计划的实施策略

甘肃初步计划退耕还林 30 0 0万亩 ,这样一个宏伟计划的实施必须有一套完整的策略。本文从甘肃农村的实际出发 ,主张实行分类指导的方针 ,切实有效地落实退耕计划。     

高校科研档案法制化管理探析

<中华人民共和国档案法>的颁布,使档案事业的发展有了法律依据和保障,标志着我国档案事业进入了法制建设轨道.但是在档案法制建设的初级阶段,某些领域还存在盲区,诸如高校科研档案中科研成果、知识产权、技术转让等的利用问题.对此,应进一步强化科研档案管理,完善档案借阅制度;加大执法监督力度;增强知识产权保护意识.     

发展陕西果业 壮大县域经济

县域经济的发展在于特色,果业是陕西省的特色产业,充分利用资源优势,促进果业的发展,带动相关产业的兴旺、发达,从而带动县域经济的高速增长,加快县域经济发展,是我省实现强省富民目标的重要途径,也会使我省的经济迈向一个新台阶。     

Street Trees,the Private Finance Initiative and Participatory Regeneration: Policy Innovation or Incompatible Perspectives

In common with other northern cities, Sheffield has experienced a dramatic reduction in funding from central government. Its response has been twofold. Firstly, to reduce the cost of service delivery, in part through augmenting or replacing public sector service provision through transfer to voluntary bodies and/or the private sector; the latter through private finance initiative (PFI) contracts. Secondly, the local authority has sought to promote economic regeneration through increased citizen involvement and participation. The problem for this combined strategy is that the two approaches have clashed over a previously underrated and overlooked area of public provision, namely the maintenance of street trees. Issues relating to the design of the contract, the economic imperative inherent within PFI contracts, initial reaction to popular protests, and reluctance to acknowledge the authority of alternative perspectives, have combined to undermine the salience of the participatory regeneration model for key sections of the local community.     

共建和谐企业 共享发展成果——在企业层面落实共建共享和谐社会的研究与思考

企业和谐是社会和谐的基础。构建社会主义和谐社会，必须重视和谐企业建设。企业是劳动关系的载体，建设和谐企业，必须保证劳动关系双方在平等的基础上，实现共建共享，并要以科学的理论和经济政治文化措施来保证。     

论法律硕士专业学位教育的现状与改革

法律硕士教育是我国法学教育改革的一项重大举措。经过10余年的不断探索和试验,法律硕士教育改革已经取得如下成绩:法律硕士教育培养了大量高层次法律人才;法律硕士教育是我国法学教育改革的有益尝试;法律硕士教育规模逐渐扩大,且日趋规范化、科学化。法律硕士教育改革存在的问题包括:法律硕士教育与法律职业之间缺乏实质性的联系,培养目标难以得到充分的实现;法律硕士教育仍然沿袭传统的法学教育模式;在职与非在职法律硕士教育之间存在矛盾。我国法律硕士教育的出路在于:坚持法律硕士教育的法律职业教育定位;大幅度扩大法律硕士教育的规模,使我国硕士阶段的法学教育以法律硕士教育为主;修改法律硕士教育的报考条件,入学考试制度;强化法律职业教育;理顺法律硕士教育与司法考试之间的关系。     

The Hidden Ingredient: Female Labour in Chilean Fruit Exports

Abstract — The Chilean fruit export sector has expanded rapidly over the past decade. A large army of female temporary workers is recruited annually to work in the fruit export sector, playing a key role in the preparation of high quality off-season fruit for northern markets. Despite their annual employment in a modern export sector, these temporary workers remain a marginalised force in Chile, reflected in the significant underestimation of the female agricultural labour force. This paper examines the reasons for their marginalisation. the gender segmentation of the temporary fruit labour market, and considers the potential effect of increased international competition on the employment of female temporary labour.