再谈农业人口与非农业人口的统计问题

“也谈农业人口与非农业人口的统计问题”发表后,农业人口统计资料失真后该怎么办,我国目前到底是农业人口多还是非农业人口多?这成为笔者需向同行和读者认真回答的两个问题。对前者其办法不外乎以下五种:一是取消农业人口与非农业人口的划分,而代之以乡村人口与城镇人口;二是继续让原有的农业人口与非农业人口资料滥竽充数;三是借用联合国粮农组织数据库中有关中国农业人口的资料;四是公开宣布公安系统统计的人口数据是农业户口的人口与非农业户口的人口;五是千方百计搞一套接近实际的中国农业人口与非农业人口资料。前三种办法均不可取,第四种办法从公安系统来说,也许有一定的保留价值,但它无助于农业人口与非农业人口统计问题的解决,所以,只有第五种办法才是科学合理的;对后者,如截至目前,肯定是非农业人口比农业人口多。     

Finger in the Dyke or the Floodgates Stemmed? Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002

This article considers Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002 in the context of post-War developments in labour relations culminating in the National Industrial Relations Court. It considers the development of Employment Tribunal which rather than being the last resort intended by the legislators, has become the first resort of complainants, often for trivial matters by employees; or by employers taking an extremely broad view of Gross Misconduct by employees. Due to the volume of cases and the shortage of Chairs, cases are constantly delayed and postponed. The article posits that these are the principle reason behind the framing of Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002 which introduced a new Section 9(1)(a) into the Employment Tribunals Act 1995. This has given the Chair of an Employment Tribunal the authority to strike out a weak case at a Pre-Hearing Review that will strike the case out once and for all at this juncture. The aim is to encourage employers to have proper procedures and for employees to follow them. This article suggests that in fact the reforms will have the opposite effect; that they have introduced another layer of legal complexity which will further increase the number of cases brought before the Employment Tribunal.     

NUMBERS

正157Number of Taiwanfunded enterprises in the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone,with gross registered capital of$270 million13.44mln yuan Compensation that China’s distillery Wuliangye agreed to offer to investors for an alleged"false statement"     

Letting Go of GDP

正Diversified evaluators have been introduced to assess local officials’ performance amid growing ecological concerns East China’s Fujian Province is preparing for the adoption of a more reason-able set of standards to evaluate local government performance,which may give officials in localities with lower economic growth cause to feel a bit more relaxed.In August,the Fujian Provincial Government announced that it will gauge     

Disproportionate Sentences as Human Rights Violations

The article explores the concepts of disproportionality and gross disproportionality in sentencing. Several constitutions or human rights documents prohibit grossly disproportionate sentences, either expressly or impliedly. The draft constitution of the European Union has a Charter of Fundamental Rights that includes the right not to be subjected to a disproportionate sentence. The possible meaning and application of this are discussed by reference to the development of related constitutional jurisprudence in other jurisdictions.     

国际间国内生产总值比较中的若干问题探讨

国内生产总值(GDP)是反映一国所有常住单位在核算期内生产活动最终成果的总量指标,是所有经济分析和国际间比较研究中使用频率最高的一个重要指标。我国的国内生产总值指标无论在生产范围、总产出及其估价、中间消耗及其估价等方面还是在计算方法方面都与SNA(1993年版)核算体系中的该指标有所不同,因此,在国际间比较GDP指标时应慎重。     

山东省保持耕地总量动态平衡的态势与对策

保持耕地总量动态平衡是国家保护耕地、保障人们基本生活需求、实现我国土地资源可持续利用的重要举措。山东省保持耕地总量动态平衡中的影响因素较多 ,最主要的是人口增长对耕地保护的影响。保持耕地总量动态平衡的对策主要是 :控制人口增长 ,加强政府对耕地的保护的调控管理 ,处理好经济建设与耕地保护的关系     

The welfare cost of terrorism

Data from 117 countries over the period 2006 to 2011 are used to estimate a macroeconomic cross-country system of equations that examines the association between terrorism, self-reported life satisfaction, and national income. Results indicate that terrorism is negatively associated with life satisfaction, whereas no such association is found between terrorism and real GDP per worker. Stark contrasts are found, however, between OECD and non-OECD members. In all, our results suggest that the social costs of terrorism are potentially much higher than the economic costs, and measuring only the conventional economic costs of terrorism significantly underestimates the true costs.     

法国法上的重大过错——兼论对中国法的参照意义

法国法上的重大过错包括重大过失、不可原谅之过失以及故意或欺诈性过错。重大过失主要意义在于部分场合下排除责任限制条款的适用;不可原谅之过失主要适用于劳动事故及职业病、运输损害、交通事故领域,用以加重行为人责任或削减受害人权利;故意或欺诈性过错之意义在于一般性地排除责任限制条款的适用。三种过错的识别,从侧重客观因素的考察到侧重主观因素的考察。基于法国法的相关经验,我国《合同法》第113条及《工伤保险条例》相关规定均有值得检讨之处。     

“错误”制度研究

根据现代合同法理论 ,意思表示作为合同的基本要件之一 ,其真实性如何 ,将直接影响着合同的效力。而影响意思表示的真实性的因素又错纵复杂 ,并且不同的因素也会产生不同的合同效力。“错误” ,作为影响意思表示真实性的因素之一 ,在国外立法中已建立起一套完善的制度。反观我国现行立法 ,却存在诸多缺陷 ,学界也缺乏深入研究。为此 ,有必要加强对“错误”制度的研究 ,以完善我国立法 ,服务于司法实践。