转型期中国农民心理文化惯习探析

文章以法国社会学家、哲学家布迪厄的“场域-惯习”理论为基础，通过对中国农民身心图式中的价值观念、思维方式、行为模式、日常习俗等心理文化因素展开哲学探寻，具体分析我国农民文化惯习存在的问题及其产生的根源，并在此基础上提出了一系列构建现代化农民心理文化惯习的途径与措施。     

社会过激事件的场域理论研究

社会阶层的隔距已经影响到中国社会的整合,成为阻碍中国经济社会持续发展的障碍。促进社会公正与和谐,不仅是政府的任务,更需要民间的参与。政府和社会的全体成员皆有义务发展融洽的场域与惯习,消除不同社会群体彼此间的隔阂,为赢得相互尊重与弥合隔距做一些努力。     

论布迪厄“反思社会学”及其对社会学研究的启示

布迪厄反思社会学的核心是从社会实践的主客统一性出发,在对语言交流和文化现实的反思性批判中,通过实践理论来予以建立。这一理论思想对于认识我们今天的社会学研究现状,科学地建构研究对象,增强学术的自主性,培养社会学家的科学惯习具有积极意义。     

布迪厄的"场域-惯习"理论在社会福利研究中的运用

布迪厄的“场域-惯习”理论在社会福利研究中具有重要的方法论意义。福利场域不仅是现代社会中一个相对独立的子场域,而且具有独特的惯习,即福利惯习,全面理解福利场域与福利惯习之间的辩证关系对于我国的社会福利制度建设实践具有重要的指导意义。     

The Big End of Town Meets the Local Council: The Investment Habitus of Four Sets of Australian Councils during the GFC

The Global Financial Crisis of 2008 led to a substantial write‐down in the value of investments such as collateralised debt obligations (CDOs) with one class of investors being NSW Local councils.  This article analyses interviews with four different investor types (or sets) of local councils, each of which took a substantially different approach to CDO investment. This categorisation into sets was based on interviews of 28 individuals working within 14 local councils as well as commentaries on legal cases involving a class action of local councils suing Lehman Brothers Australia as well as Grange Securities over losses in their investments. This article adopts Bourdieu's Theory of Practice to describe and explain behaviour regarding decisions to invest (or not) in CDOs. Interesting themes arise regarding differing views on the appropriate role of local councils, and on the degree and form of ‘capital’ (which includes knowledge, competencies, skills, and economic resources) that a council should have before investing in sophisticated financial products. This article explores the role that field, habitus, and capital played in moderating and influencing council investment making decisions. The analysis shows that these Bourdieuian concepts can be utilised to help explain individual behaviour. This case study shows that excessive capital left in the hands of individuals may result in suboptimal decision making. Local councils may need to consider ways of implementing policies and procedures that can be used to moderate individual action.     

The “thinning” blueline: a Bourdieuian appreciation of police subculture

The notion of a recalcitrant “police subculture” is pervasive in the literature on policing, often invoked to explain many of the ills linked to police misconduct and corruption. This article argues that the failure of reform efforts is the result of interventionist strategies which had sought to change police subculture “head-on” without a corresponding change in the structural conditions in which the policing role is so located, and that these efforts, theoretically, have been informed by a conceptualisation of police subculture as homogenous, monolithic, and static. Using the Bourdieuian concepts of the “habitus” and “field”, the view of a “recalcitrant” subculture will be challenged in this article. Using the Singaporean experience as a case in point, it will be shown how changes in the field of policing can bring about changes, intended or otherwise, in the occupational habitus of the police: refashioning the informal repository of knowledge guiding police work.     

Picking battles: Correctional officers,rules, and discretion in prison

To outsiders, prisons vacillate between visions of regimented order and anarchic disorder. The place of rules in prison sits at the fulcrum between these two visions of regulation. Based on 131 qualitative interviews with correctional officers across four different prisons in western Canada, we examine how correctional officers understand and exercise discretion in prison. Our findings highlight how an officer's habitus shapes individual instances of discretionary decision‐making. We show how officers modify how they exercise discretion in light of their views on how incarcerated people, fellow officers, and supervisors will interpret their decisions. Although existing research often sees a correlation between “rule‐following” by incarcerated individuals and official statistics on such misdeeds, our data highlight that official statistics on rule violations do not easily represent the rate or frequency of such misbehavior. Instead, these numbers are highly discretionary organizational accomplishments. Our findings advance an appreciation for correctional officer discretion by focusing on the range of factors officers might contemplate in forward‐looking decisions about applying a rule and how they rationalize the nonenforcement of rules.     

Toxic waste and public procurement: The defense sector as a disproportionate contributor to pollution from public–private partnerships

Public procurement is a large sector of the economy with most procurement going to the defense sector. Procurement by the defense sector includes purchases made through contracts to private businesses that manufacture durable goods. Manufacturing of these goods results in pollution production with toxic wastes being among the most dangerous pollutants for public health. Despite green purchasing policy goals, most transactions in the United States through defense contracts result in disproportionately high-toxic pollution releases by manufacturers. We find that persistent exemptions granted defense agencies from following green purchasing policy result in a landscape where contractor environmental performance is unchanging with defense contractors persistently polluting in high amounts. Further, we find that defense contractors are linked to most toxic releases from procurement meaning that exemptions may be hindering potential advancements from green purchasing policy. Results can inform the design of new guidance about procurement and expand understanding of environmental inequality.     

On Foreign Ground: Grand Narratives,Situated Specificities,and the Praxis of Critical Theory and Law

This article is the first part of a two-part project which is critical of trends in contemporary U.S. critical and interdisciplinary legal scholarship and pedagogy. The larger project seeks to use this critique to model fruitful approaches to critical and theoretical scholarship in law “beyond 2000”.The focus of this article’s criticism is the work of two significant scholars of the second wave of what might broadly be called CLS scholarship, or more precisely critical, theoretical and interdisciplinary legal scholarship: Jack Balk in and Pierre Schlag. Looking back to the work of Duncan Kennedy and Stanley Fish, respectively progenitors of CLS and of theoretical interdisciplinary legal scholarship in the U.S., it is argued that the work of all four is marked by two significant flaws: lack of self-reflexivity and a desire for a realm of theory which unselfconsciously adopts the Cartesian split subject. The article then uses the work of Vicki Kirby and Pierre Bourdieu both to identify the tendencies it critiques, and to suggest why the work of Terry Threadgold and Peter Goodrich might provide models for a praxis of critical theory in law which is of particular use in the context of professional subject formation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

劫持航空器罪若干疑难问题研究

在我国刑法中,劫持航空器罪的行为对象主要是民用航空器,但也不排除特定条件下的国家航空器。本罪中的"暴力"是专指对驾驶、操作人员实施袭击或其他身体强制。"胁迫",要求不但能引起对方恐惧,还必须达到足以压制对方反抗程度。"其他行为"是指违背航空器合法控制人的意志且属于暴力、胁迫之外的,使航空器合法控制人不知反抗的行为。行为人只有着手实施了"劫持"行为并实际控制了该航空器的程度,才是犯罪既遂。