Rape,burglary, and opportunity

Following on the recent development of opportunity theory in criminology, we apply an opportunity approach to rape. Although rape is commonly viewed as a street crime, a substantial proportion of rape occurs inside homes following an unlawful entry of the residence. Drawing on this observation, we argue that rape and burglary, because they share a common locus in the home, should exhibit similar opportunity structures. That is, characteristics that place particular types of homes and householders at greater risk of burglary should also place (female) residents at greater risk of rape. An analysis of UCR rates and censusderived opportunity variables for 155 SMSAs in 1980 supports this position. We conclude that home-intrusion rape (rape following an unlawful entry of the home) is a violent crime with the opportunity structure of a property crime.     

公安院校散手教学中腿法的应用

通过调查研究发现 ,正踹腿、侧踹腿和鞭腿是散手运动中最实用的腿法。分析各种腿法的运用时机 ,掌握好时间、距离和空间差 ,是正确运用腿法的先决条件。公安院校的散手教学强调多种技击方法的结合 ,以提高散手运动的实战能力。     

论战略机遇期青年的历史使命

2 1世纪头 2 0年 ,对我国来说是一个重要的战略机遇期 ,对于成长中的青年一代来说 ,则是一个难得的历史机遇期 ,全面建设小康社会的历史使命 ,落在了当代青年的肩上。新的时代 ,新的使命 ,必将对当代青年提出新的要求。     

红河州应对中国——东盟自由贸易区建设的发展方略

红河州要在中国——东盟自由贸易区建设中大有作为,必须进一步解放思想,拓宽开放面,创新投资环境,调整结构、发展特色经济,争取外援,加快人才培养。     

家庭工人体面劳动公约对中国立法的影响

本文评介了《2011年家庭工人公约》的基本精神和立法协商机制,对中国相关法律进行了性别审计。借鉴国际经验,提出并论证了一些立法建议,包括遵循人权普遍性和非歧视原则,打破劳动法不调整私人雇佣的思维定势,通过三方协商机制和社会对话确立家政工劳动保障标准。     

Lessons of Russian in Afghanistan

The experience of Soviet involvement in Afghanistan (1979–1989) is considered through the prism of institutional transfers. Afghanistan has a long history of attempts to implement Muslim, Soviet and Anglo-Saxon institutional designs. Most of them have failed. This failure can be attributed to the lack of ‘elective affinity’ between traditional and new institutions imported from more developed countries. It is argued that a careful examination of the degree of elective affinity must precede any attempt of institutional transfers. An analysis of Ph.D. dissertations defended by Afghan students at Soviet and Russian universities complements logical arguments and references to historical facts.

抓住机遇促进发展 公路客运大有可为

分析我国公路客运良好的发展形势和存在的问题,指出公路客运面临的挑战和机遇,提出加强公路客运建设的几点意见,并展望公路客运广阔的发展前景.     

论起诉便宜主义

起诉便宜主义是在刑事诉讼中各种刑事政策权衡和增强诉讼效率的内容和要求之一,绝对的起诉法定主义已无法在各国刑事诉讼中实现。起诉便宜主义在各国刑事诉讼中都有直接的体现,在公诉时便宜起诉有各种相应约束机制,所以借鉴其合理内核对重塑我国刑事诉讼公诉裁量权具有重要意义。     

The geopolitical economy of social policy in the Philippines: securitisation,emerging powers and multilateral policies

Recent geopolitical and economic changes have altered global social policy formation. The Bretton Woods multilateral development agencies (MDAs) have selectively incorporated ideas emerging from developing country states and decision makers, with a recent increased acceptance of social transfers as part of renewed efforts at poverty alleviation based on social risk management. There has been an instance in the use and promotion of conditional cash transfer (CCT) policies by MDAs. CCTs were a product of the emergence of a neo-structuralist welfare regime (understood as an ideal type) in Latin America – an attempt to reconcile neoliberal strategies of development with aspirations for guaranteed minimum incomes. The Bretton Woods and regional development bank MDAs have facilitated the adoption of CCTs in other developing countries, including the Phillipines. Here, a combination of actions by national political actors and MDAs has resulted in the implementation of a securitised and compliance-focused version of CCTs derived from the Colombian security state. Although poor Philippine households welcome income assistance, CCTs have acted to enforce further state monitoring without altering the national-based political and economic processes that replicate poverty.     

A ‘society … divisible into the blessed and the unblessed’: Michael Young and Meritocracy in Postwar Britain

‘Meritocracy’ continues to unfold as both core conceptual framework and political ideal of the language of social mobility. In recent decades, politicians of various hues have declared it a sine qua non of the so-called ‘classless society’. The longer trajectory of postwar discourses of equality reveal a more chequered conceptual past. Its origins in the forums of revisionist social democracy of the 1950s, and subsequently popularised in the writings of social democratic polymath, Michael Young, are much more circumspect. The article considers pivotal contributions and developments of this conceptual history and trajectory. It considers the origins and emergence of meritocracy as a dimension of discourses of equality in the 1950s, and the formative contribution of Michael Young, reaction and responses on the left to his 1958 seminal work, The Rise of the Meritocracy, and the subsequent ‘meritocratic turn’. In spite of its satirical origins and warnings of dire social consequences, meritocracy presently enjoys a confirmatory position as a concept of opportunity and social mobility, as an embedded ideal of social organisation and means of allocating differential rewards.