实证主义、诠释主义与批判主义

本文介绍了西方三种流行的社会学理论 ,分析了这三种社会学理论的主要代表人物、主要观点、主要研究方法 ,对三种社会学理论的优劣进行了比较 ,并对三种社会学理论走向相互融合的前景进行了展望     

分析实证法学研究的新视角——以纯粹法理论为样本

分析实证法学的研究无法摆脱或超越分析实证法学理论"标签"的限制。在这样的研究局势下,研究成果将永远无法自我扬弃。通过讨论纯粹法理论,揭示其所包含的不可避免的政治因素,从而启示后来的研究者:如果以此种不同以往的进路进行研究,分析实证法领域将展现出一种超越"标签"之外的多面向的研究新境界。     

法律实证主义与刑事诉讼法再修改

法律实证主义是现代法律哲学的重要分支之一,它包含的实在法理论、法律体系理论与法律效力理论对法制建设非常重要。当前我国对法律实证主义哲学包含的理念缺乏关注,导致在刑事诉讼法再修改问题上出现诸多弊端,如:诉求抽象人权过多,关注宪法基本权不够;关注法律原则或法律理念过多,关注法律规则和法律技术不够;关注规则设置过多,而关注规则效力不够。当前刑诉法修改在即,关注法律实证主义之于法制构建的理论贡献已成为刑诉法学人亟需面对的又一大课题。     

Feminism and the Flat Law Theory

This article examines two modalities of law, depicted spatially as the vertical and the horizontal. The intellectual background for seeing law in vertical and horizontal dimensions is to be found in much socio-legal scholarship. These approaches have challenged the modernist, legal positivist and essentially vertical view of law as a system of imperatives emanating from a hierarchically superior source such as a sovereign. In keeping with the socio-legal critical tradition, but approaching it from the perspective of legal philosophy, my aim is to address three matters. First, why is vertical law problematic for feminists? Second, what are the theoretical characteristics of law in its horizontal register? Third, how is an appreciation of this ‘flat’ law useful for feminist legal theory and practice? In particular, I consider the ways in which feminist legal theory operating in the horizontal dimension can transgress, without transcending, the vertically determined perimeters of the nation state.     

Towards a Jurisprudence of Emergency: Colonialism and the Rule of Law

This article revisits an infamous incident in colonial India -- the Amritsar massacre of 1919 -- in order to explore larger questions of the place of martial law and emergency in jurisprudence. By focusing on modes of power in the colonial realm, and the productive role of the colonies in the conception of modern law, it tests the claims of a rule of law and declarations of emergency. The argument tries to show how these two terms are, in fact, relational in theories of colonial discourse and of legal positivism. As such, it reads H.L.A. Hart’s, The Concept of Law and instances from the colonial archive against one another. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

自由裁量论研究——以德沃金自然法学和包容性实证主义法学中的自由裁量论为视角

在法官造法意义上的“自由裁量论”争论中，德沃金认为司法过程实际是法官们在法律规定的幅度内依法行使自由裁量践行裁判，反对法官造法意义上的“自由裁量论”。所有的法律实证主义者都同意法官造法意义上的“自由裁量论”，基于对法律效力的渊源类判准和内容类判准的不同理论主张，包容性实证主义法学与排他性实证主义法学在此种“自由裁量论”适用空间上也存在着极大差异，渊源类判准及内容类判准适用后法官的“自由裁量权”的不同适用空间也是包容性与排他性实证主义法学的理论分野所在。     

论实证主义界域的数学心理观

作为“主义”的实证论应该被人们所唾弃，但是，作为方法的实证研究依然具有时代的生命力。为了实现科学的有效实证，从孔德到马赫、再到卡尔纳普等三代实证主义，在人类心理的数学属性问题上克服了黑格尔时代之前的朦胧与局限，展现出扬弃与继承的从含混到明晰、从矛盾到统一的数学心理观思想与体系。纵观实证主义的发展历程，应该承认实证主义界域下的数学心理观思想沾染着历史的尘迹，但是，面对百年隆昌的心理实证研究，它的实证方法与探索精神依然能为人们探寻人类心理的数学属性提供丰富的营养，并为当代实证心理学、脑科学、认知科学重新审视浩繁而庞杂的心理学实证资料掀开全新的视野。     

论科学主义勃兴对高校德育的挑战——以思想分析和现实审视的双重视角

在我国,随着科学在国人心目中的地位日益提高,已呈现出科学主义勃兴的态势.与此同时,科学主义也对社会意识范畴产生着越来越广泛的影响,因而,德育--它作为社会意识形态建设的重要手段--便无可避免地要与科学主义进行正面交锋并作出回应.由此出发,我们就有必要把德育放在科学主义勃兴的背景下进行研究,并以思想分析和现实审视的两个角度,去揭示科学主义对德育的内部环节、外部环境、对象阈三个方面所构成的挑战.     

科学哲学对实证会计的影响

科学哲学是从哲学角度考察科学的一门学科,为如何进行科学研究指引方向,它对实证会计的影响主要体现在以下方面:会计科研成果的可证伪性;会计科研客体具有可重复性;实证会计理论具有解释和预测作用;会计研究过程必须排除价值判断。     

A Haitian in Paris: Anténor Firmin as a philosopher against racism

ABSTRACT

Bernasconi's essay locates Anténor Firmin's De l’égalité des races humaines (1885) in the context of the discussions of the science of race at the time, and argues that when seen in that light the book should be considered a work of philosophy as well as a contribution to the science of its day. Particular attention is given to the debate between monogenesis and polygenesis, the impact of Charles Darwin on the discussion of the human races, particularly through the work of Clémence Royer, and the role of positivism within anthropology. Although Firmin addressed the contributions of Charles Darwin and Arthur de Gobineau to the understanding of race, they were not his main focus, which was to expose the fallacies employed by the advocates of racial inequality. Firmin's reliance on the Comtean doctrine of progress makes it impossible for us to embrace his overall theory today without considerable reservations. Nevertheless, the ease with which he exposed the prejudices of many of the leading scientists of his day provides an invaluable challenge to all those who want to excuse their failure to promote racial equality on the grounds that they were simply ‘children of their time’.