Procedural fairness and organizational commitment under conditions of growth and decline

We surveyed employees from seven relocating firms undergoing either an expansion or decline. Employees' judgments of procedural fairnes regarding the decision procedures used to implement the change showed a stronger effect on normative commitment for sites undergoing decline than for those undergoing growth. Procedural fairness concerns therefore seem to be more important to employees experiencing organizational decline. The finding has implications for research and for the management of organizational decline.     

Parenthood,child-rearing and fertility in England, 1850–1914

Fertility declines across Europe and the Anglo-world have been explained as the result of reversals of intergenerational flows of wealth. According to this theory, the child was transformed from an economically-useful household asset to an emotionally-valued parental burden. This article is based on a comparative study of changing understandings of parenthood in three provincial English localities between 1850 and 1914. It works from the premise that in order to make sense of reproductive behaviour, it is essential to examine the meanings that men and women attached to childlessness, child-rearing and parenthood.

It is argued that there was not a universal shift that made children into burdens. New understandings of the duties of parenthood did develop, but these were founded on class-, gender- and place-specific interpretations. These encouraged a minority of fathers and mothers to believe that together they had the capacity to improve the lives of their sons and daughters in pioneering ways. Given that husbands and wives had distinct motives for avoiding rearing many children and that the discussion of reproduction was shrouded in silence, the dissemination and use of new ideals of family was crucial in enabling birth control to be thought about respectably within marriage.     

罗马法形式主义衰落的原因探析

早期罗马法极重形式主义,凡为法律行为必依一定形式进行,否则不具法律效力.形式重于实质内容是早期罗马法形式主义的一个重要特征.但随着罗马社会的发展,罗马法的形式主义经历了一个由盛及衰的过程.从罗马社会经济的发展、自然法对罗马法的影响及罗马民族的务实精神等方面对其衰落的原因作了系统的探讨.     

Women's agency in Australia's first fertility transition: a debate revisited

The place of women's agency in the fertility transition of the late nineteenth/early twentieth century is a contested one. Some argue that the transition was achieved mainly through male methods of contraception. Others, including many arguing from an Australian perspective, contend that women's agency in fertility decline was significant. In this article, the authors revisit the issue of women's agency in Australia. Drawing on a range of archival sources and scholarship, they seek to demonstrate that women in Australia in the last quarter of the nineteenth century had access to contraception, albeit limited, and, where that failed, to abortion. The authors argue that the changing political and educational climate, which saw women gaining the vote in 1894 in South Australia and admission to secondary and higher education and paid work, provided the setting for women's changing status. Their increasing agency – an agency many women worked to secure – encouraged women to challenge many traditional practices.     

论任意雇佣原则在美国劳动法中的衰落

从19世纪末开始,美国普通法上形成的任意雇佣原则授予雇主任意解雇员工的权力而不要求其承担任何法律责任,对劳动者权利保护甚为不利。考虑到绝对任意雇佣原则所带来的种种消极影响,在许多方面已经不适应现代劳资关系的发展,美国立法机关和各州法院已经形成该原则的多项普通法例外,任意雇佣原则逐步走向衰落。由于任意雇佣原则在美国社会长期实行,拥有深厚的社会基础,动用立法权和司法权等国家权力也并非以废止该原则为目标,因此迄今为止其仍然是调整美国雇佣关系的重要规则。     

我国国民收入初次分配中劳动报酬比重偏低问题研究

企业收入分配权引发的问题,同财产权中的决策权、经营管理权有因果关系。在企业决策权和经营管理权中,共赢的制度规则将使企业分配带来共赢的结果,反之则相反。因此,调整企业收入分配不公问题,关键在于保持外部约束的刚性,促使企业对资本财产权中的决策权和经营管理权加以调整,以此实现属于劳动者的企业增量收入分配权。     

Craze for Civil Servant Posts Cools Down

正The civil servant examination is seen as the most popular examination among job hunters in China.However,statistics show that in Beijing,Shanghai and provinces like Zhejiang and Guangdong,the number of applicants for the examination has been on the decline.In east China’s Zhejiang Province,which enjoys the most developed private economy in the country,227,000 sat the exam this year,a significant drop compared to last year’s360,000.     

经济下行趋势下开放区域工会维权问题之我见

在经济下行趋势下,工会维权要搞好,关键是要把握好维权与维稳、维权与企业改革发展、工会维权与企业整体维权三个关系;同时要坚持预防为主、对症下药、标本兼治和利益兼顾四项原则;另还要强化夯实工会维权基础、健全工会维权机制、创新工会维权载体、拓展工会维权外延和打造工会维权队伍这五方面工作.     

正确把握人类社会发展的总方向--谈如何认识资本主义发展的历史进程

资本主义的现实运行包含着发展与衰退两种趋势.当代资本主义的新发展表明,资本主义仍然具有较强的自我调节能力和较大的发展潜力.但是,资本主义的自我调整是在资本主义制度框架内进行的,资本主义的新发展并没有消除其基本矛盾,也不可能改变社会主义代替资本主义这一人类社会发展的总方向.     

李林甫专权与盛唐骤衰

唐朝鼎盛时期 ,玄宗李隆基被王朝的富足所陶醉 ,以为天下无复可忧 ,从此深居宫中 ,专以声色自娱。李林甫以“口蜜腹剑”伎俩 ,骗取玄宗信任 ,高居相位长达 19年之久。本来 ,早在玄宗开元年间 ,社会已多积弊 ,尚未彻底清除 ,而李林甫的长期专权 ,致使社会积弊演变为极其严重的社会危机。野心家安禄山等 ,利用唐朝这种严重社会危机 ,乘机发动祸及全国的大叛乱 ,以致使唐玄宗自己落得丧失皇位、狼狈逃亡巴蜀的可悲下场 ,也使强盛的唐王朝骤然而衰。