论我国农垦橡胶产业土地制度的完善——以海南农垦为例

我国农垦中的橡胶产业改革已经进行多年,取得了很大成绩,但还存在着一定的问题。本文以海南农垦中的橡胶产业土地制度改革为例,对橡胶土地制度存在的问题进行剖析。以期进一步完善橡胶产业土地制度,实现土地资源的有效配置。     

Precarity and Vulnerability: Rubber Plantations in Northern Laos and Northern Shan State,Myanmar

ABSTRACT

In northern Laos and Northern Shan State in Myanmar, there has occurred a rapid expansion of rubber plantations, both by large economic concessions and by smallholder farmers. The impact of the introduction of rubber differs by place. This article analyses the impact of the introduction of rubber in two villages in Northern Shan State and two in Luang Namtha Province, Lao PDR. We differentiate vulnerability and precarity while assessing the changes that women and men have experienced, which allows us to problematise the long-term vulnerability of seemingly well-adapted farming households. We argue that the strategies that farmers have chosen to improve their situation today will lead to unsustainable livelihoods in the long term. We also link the analysis of vulnerability and precarity to changes in household gender relations. Notwithstanding increased precarity, rising household cash incomes and external support have improved women’s position in some places while hardly affecting gender relations in others.     

战后印度尼西亚橡胶种植业发展问题探析

印度尼西亚是世界上重要的橡胶生产、出口国之一,目前其橡胶产量位居世界第二,仅次于泰国.虽然橡胶的生产与出口一直是印尼国民经济收入的重要来源,但是印尼橡胶种植业战后的发展却是一波三折.本文主要探讨20世纪50年代印尼橡胶产业所遇到的重大问题,希望以此个案展示发展中国家经济发展问题的复杂性.     

VB 6.0中橡皮筋特征绘图的实现方法

利用VB6．O提供的绘画方法和相关属性,采用不同的方式实现橡皮筋特征绘图。     

Rubber plantations in the Northwest: rethinking the concept of land grabs in Vietnam

At first glance, rubber plantations in the Northwest of Vietnam do not appear so different from ‘large-scale land acquisition’, which is quite common in the Global South. However, when we closely examine how many processes in plantations work, we can see that there are many different processes at work besides those that take place in other countries where transnational or domestic corporations purchase or lease land for growing food, fibre or fuel crops. Rubber plantations have been strongly supported by the government and promoted as a way to industrialize and modernize the uplands, while claiming to narrow the economic gap between the uplands and lowlands. Drawing on fieldwork in two villages in Son La, and on a review of policy papers and documents, this paper identifies the political mechanisms and policies that have emerged as critical factors enabling the dispossession of land for the development of a market economy with a socialist orientation in Vietnam. The paper seeks to understand how institutional control over land and over the discussion of political subjects produces control. It argues that land grabs for rubber plantations in Northwest Vietnam are moves to strengthen state sovereignty. This land seizure has indeed created a new way of land governance that hitherto did not exist in Vietnam.     

The analysis of tire rubber traces collected after braking incidents using Pyrolysis-GasChromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Automobile tire marks can routinely be found at the scenes of crime, particularly hit-and-run accidents and are left on road surfaces because of sudden braking or the wheels spinning. The tire marks are left due to the friction between the tire rubber and the solid road surface, and do not always demonstrate the tire tread pattern. However, the tire mark will contain traces of the tire. In this study, Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry was used to analyze 12 tires from different manufacturer's and their traces collected after braking incidents. Tire marks were left on a conglomerate road surface with sudden braking. The samples were pyrolysed without removal of contaminant in a micro-furnace type pyrolyser. Quantitative and qualitative analysis were performed on all the samples. All 12 samples were distinguished from each other. Each of the tire traces were identified as coming from there original source.     

裂解气相色谱-质谱法和热失重法检验轮胎胎面胶成分

目的 建立一种轮胎胎面胶提取物检验分析方法.方法 用热失重法（TGA）和裂解气相色谱-质谱法（PGC-MS）,测试了常见的10种轮胎胎面胶提取物的成分及含量.结果 该方法可以鉴别不同轮胎胎面胶提取物的种类,同时可以推断出胎面胶遗留物的含胶率,油及增塑剂、灰分、炭黑的含量;不同品牌轮胎胎面胶提取物的热失重行为也存在较大差异.结论 该方法能为肇事车辆轮胎的溯源及认定提供技术支持.     

Jinan Eco-Energy Technology Development Co., Ltd.

正Founded in the 1980s,Jinan Eco-Energy Technology Development Co.,Ltd.is a hi-tech company that specializes in developing and manufacturing equipments that recycle scrap rubber and plastic into fuel oil and carbon black.After more than 20 years of research and innovation,the company has become a trendsetter in the global industry.In 2012 the Chinese government sanctioned the company’s industrial standards for nationwide application.     

China's Top New Words

正Editor’s Note:Every year sees a number of new words and phrases from the Internet make them into a language’s vocabulary.Sorting through the most popular buzzwords and phrases used by China’s netizens reveals a virtual smorgasbord of linguistic ingenuity as well as the most noteworthy trends of the last 12 months.Beijing Review     

China＇s Changing Pattern of FDI

正INWARD investment into China continues to be the highest of any developing economy,at US$101 billion in 2013,according to UN fi gures,but its pattern is changing signifi cantly as the country develops,and this trend will inevitably deepen.In the first decades after the start of China’s economic reforms in 1978,foreign direct investment was primarily