替罪羊——浅析莫里森小说《天堂》修道院中的女性人物(英文)

Morrison’s novel Paradise begins and ends with the raid of men in Ruby on the women in the Convent. The contradictions and conflicts between the two communities are the major parts of this novel. Finally, the contradictions and conflicts are intensified, leading to the scapegoating of the women in the Convent by the men in Ruby. This paper just intends to analyze and discuss how the tragic scapegoating is caused.     

Techno-cultural opportunities: the anti-immigration movement in the Finnish mediascape

ABSTRACT

Horsti's article analyses how transformations in the media environment shaped the political success of the anti-immigration movement in Finland from 2003 to 2013. The qualitative textual analysis of blogs and mainstream media debates that relate to racism and the national populist Finns Party demonstrates how changes in the mediascape in general and in new media technology in particular have provided opportunities for the emerging anti-immigration movement. These changes facilitated the earlier development of the Finns Party but the fragmentation of online space later hindered the internal coherence of the movement and its integration into the populist party political family. In order to regain unity, the Finns Party performed the public scapegoating of individuals for racist speech, thus distancing itself from racism. Horsti shows that, rather than being isolated and marginal, the anti-immigration movement and the ‘uncivil’ public sphere overlap with traditional politics and the mainstream media.     

Multiculturalism,Institutional Law,and Imaginary Justice

Following Le Pen's relative successin the French presidential vote and the BritishNational Party's historic return in our own2002 local elections, the article considers theprospects for the production of morecommunicative race relations in contemporaryBritain. To this end we reassess the media'streatment of the Stephen Lawrence case andexplore the political logic of the Macphersonreport, the policy document which followed theapparent miscarriage of justice that allowedLawrence's alleged killers to walk free. Interms of our analysis of the media we areconcerned to show how the real of Britain'sordinary racism was hidden behind an ideologyof multiculturalism that scapegoated singularindividuals to cover for the structuralinequalities of wider society. The article aimsto show how the media upheld the notion ofobjective justice that institutional law wasapparently unable to secure.But while the media supported the ideology ofthe law, its exposure of the failings ofinstitutional law also led to calls for legalreform to guarantee the realisation ofinstitutional justice. Although we accept thatthe attempt to achieve legal totality isimpossible, our argument is that the critiqueof legal objectivity, which takes in subjectiverights claims, may present the possibility forthe realisation of a novel, inclusive, model ofrace relations. That is to say that althoughthe media supports the ideology of the law, thefact that this support requires a critique ofpractical law forces the law to modernisearound the idealistic demands of its ownideological structure. Akin toDouzinas,¹ who has argued for theendless expansion of rights as post-modernutopianism, we believe that this process ofmodernisation, which is arranged to maintainthe status quo through minimal reform, is thecondition of possibility of a more inclusivesystem of race relations.     

勒内·基拉尔神话观的理论脉络

勒内·基拉尔是法国著名思想家,基拉尔神话观的理论基石是“摹仿欲望”说与“替罪羊机制”说.基拉尔批评了弗洛伊德的心理学说,并在反思列维-斯特劳斯神话理论的基础上提出了自己的神话观.基拉尔认为,神话根植于真实的暴力,其叙事视角是迫害者的视角,而《圣经》则“解神话”,谴责暴力,提供的是受害者的视角.基拉尔的神话观为神话起源与文本分析提供了一种有效的解释框架,但同时也需注意到基拉尔的理论限度.