A Silver‐Stain Modification of Standard Histological Slide Preparation for Use in Anthropology Analyses

The traditional histology method typically employed by forensic anthropologists involves plastic embedding of undecalcified bone. The embedded sample is then cut by a diamond blade saw and ground to the required thickness of ~50–100 microns using a grinder. There are several limitations to this method: Cement lines may be blurred; depth‐of‐field artifacts may result from viewing thick sections; and medicolegal offices with limited budgets may not be able to invest in additional equipment or training for this method. A silver nitrate stain modification of the standard histology preparation technique of decalcified bone is presented. The benefits of this technique are that: Cement lines are viewed clearly; no depth‐of‐field artifacts are present; and because this is a modification of the standard technique used by histology laboratories typically employed by medicolegal offices, no additional equipment or training is required.     

银黑狐空肠弯曲菌和致病性大肠埃希氏菌带菌状况的研究

对２２６只银黑狐粪便拭子进行空肠弯曲菌检查，共检出带菌狐１４只，其中成年公狐（４０只）、成年母狐（１２１只）、母仔狐（４０只）和公仔狐（２５只）分别检出３，８，２和１只，检出率依次为７．５％，６．６％，５．０％和４．０％，平均检出率为６．２％。对１８９只银黑狐粪便进行致病性大肠埃希氏菌检查，检出带菌狐３１只，其中成年公狐（１３只）、成年母狐（１２２只）、母仔狐（５１只）和公仔狐（３只），分别检出４，１８，８和１只，检出率依次为３０．８％，１４．８％，１５．７％和３３．３％，平均检出率为１６．４％；共检出致病性大肠埃希氏菌３４株，代表１５个血清型。对６９只银黑狐粪便检查，未检出Ａ～Ｆ群沙门氏菌及Ａ群Ⅰ、Ａ群Ⅱ、Ｂ群和Ｄ群的志贺氏菌。对一起３日龄仔狐死亡原因调查，证实是由肠道致病性大肠埃希氏菌Ｏ１１４Ｋ９０所致。     

Infrared Spectra of U.S. Automobile Original Finishes (1998–2000). IX. Identification of Bismuth Oxychloride and Silver/White Mica Pearlescent Pigments Using Extended Range FT‐IR Spectroscopy,XRF Spectrometry,and SEM/EDS Analysis

Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) was the first viable synthetic pearl pigment developed 50 years ago. It was only used for a limited time period in automotive paint (model years 1998–2000), serving to produce luster for a single Chrysler black metallic color. Identification of this pigment in an unknown automotive paint can thus facilitate determination of the vehicle of origin. Bismuth oxychloride imparts effects similar to those produced by silver/white mica pearlescent pigments, and such a pigment was used together with bismuth oxychloride in at least one original equipment manufacturer (OEM) basecoat. Silver/white micas are now used primarily in white pearl tricoat systems. This article describes the identification of bismuth oxychloride and silver/white mica pearlescent pigments in automotive finishes using FT‐IR spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, and SEM/EDS analysis. Data for some cadmium pigments, which were used in automotive paint several decades ago, are also presented as they produce infrared absorptions similar to that of bismuth oxychloride.     

Baring it all for Activism: The 1985 Naked Protest in Mexico

This article analyses the 1985 naked protest carried out by silver miners of Pachuca, Mexico. This singular form of resistance, the first in Mexican labour history and organised by a dissident group within the miners' union called Liberación Minera (Miners Liberation), forced management to recognise and temporarily solve some of the miners' grievances. The naked protest unveiled the shady practices of the miners' employer, the state-owned Compañía Real del Monte y Pachuca, which refused to provide work clothes and safety equipment to miners. It also pointed to the miners' union leadership's complicity in the deterioration of labour conditions. Part of the miners' naked protest success had to do with the support that they gained from members of the left-wing press who used the protest to offer an early critique of Mexico's neoliberal policies. The 1985 naked protest occurred during one of Mexico's most severe economic crises and only four years before the company became privatised. This protest is one of the last examples of organised labour resistance before industries closed down and fired thousands of workers.     

“物”与族群形象的建构——从“苗银”说起

当前流行的"苗银"一词是一个模棱两可的说法。在黔东南地区,苗族银饰的佩戴有其传统与文化,明清起则以白银硬通货为原料制作银饰。白铜作为替代品有其产生渊源,但不能替代苗族银饰的文化精髓。用"苗银"来称呼白铜饰品,和用盛装女子指代苗族一样,是伴随权力与资本的话语制造。     

Hi Ho,Silver!

正In spite of a need for improvement in marketing strategies and product diversification,China’s"silver hair"industry represents a sprightly young prospect By Wang Jun the proportion a growth of China’s elderly population is projected to stimulate consumption of more than 100trillion yuan($16 trillion)over     

从银绢并用到银绢分离--北宋时期的银绢关系试探

北宋初期,失去货币资格的绢帛与白银一道,常常被用于与其它商品互换.但仁宗朝以后,专用白银而不用绢的记载增加.尤其是神宗朝以后,不仅银绢同用减少,而且不少日常交易、支付事例中,出现了以银代绢的现象,甚至有的事例开始具有了以银买绢的意味.此时,商品市场上完成了从银绢并用到银绢分离的转变.这标志着,在当时的商品货币关系中,白银开始从包括绢帛在内的普通商品中分离出来,向充当一般等价物的特殊商品--货币过渡.白银货币化的序幕由此揭开.     

江西汉族人群D6S1043等9个STR基因座的遗传多态性研究

目的研究D6S1043、D8S1132、D11S2368、D7S3048、D18S1364、D20S478、D22-GATA198B05、D2S1772、D13S325共9个STR基因座遗传多态性。方法应用PCR扩增,聚丙稀酰胺垂直电泳及银染技术,对200例中国江西汉族人群上述9个STR基因座首次进行了检验分析。结果获得了中国江西汉族人群基因频率分布资料,基因频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,杂合度(H)0.7830～0.8768,个体识别率(DP)0.9166～0.9680,非父排除率(PE)0.5795～0.7468,多态信息总量(PIC)0.7493～0.8616。结论D6S1043等9个STR基因座是一组高多态性的遗传标记系统,在法医学及人类遗传学研究中具有重要意义。     

论清代的“违禁取利”罪

我国历史上许多朝代是通过法律手段来限制官府与民间通过借贷谋取暴利,维护正常的社会经济秩序,保护正常的借贷关系的.明律中出现"违禁取利"的罪名,清代,进一步在法律上调整借贷关系,在一定程度上促进了社会经济的发展.清代的借贷活动空前活跃,不仅存在着生活性和消费性借贷,也存在着生产性和经营性借贷,更存在着官吏、兵丁借贷,以及各种因官吏勒索及制度性缺陷而引起的借贷,而在"违禁取利"方面,统治者一味实施限制与打击,最终不但没有建立起他们期待的社会经济秩序,反而使朝廷失去经济控制能力,王朝的政治与社会发展受到严重的阻碍.     

The Effect of Light Exposure on the Degradation of Latent Fingerprints on Brass Surfaces: The Use of Silver Electroless Deposition as a Visualization Technique

We have studied the degradation of sebaceous fingerprints on brass surfaces using silver electroless deposition (SED) as a visualization technique. We have stored fingerprints on brass squares either (i) in a locked dark cupboard or (ii) in glass‐filtered natural daylight for periods of 3 h, 24 h, 1 week, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks. We find that fingerprints on brass surfaces degrade much more rapidly when kept in the light than they do under dark conditions with a much higher proportion of high‐quality prints found after 3 or 6 weeks of aging when stored in the dark. This process is more marked than for similar fingerprints on black PVC surfaces. Identifiable prints can be achieved on brass surfaces using both SED and cyanoacrylate fuming (CFM). SED is quick and straightforward to perform. CFM is more time‐consuming but is versatile and can be applied to a wider range of metal surfaces than SED, for example brass surfaces which have been coated by a lacquer.