启动中国农村新一轮改革的突破口--对河南延津"小麦经济"模式的分析与思考

制约我国农村发展的瓶颈是二元社会结构和由此导致的农业比较效益低下,农民收入增长缓慢,以及农村这个拥有8亿人的市场启动乏力.这不仅仅是一个经济问题,而且成为制约我国整个改革发展的体制性因素.延津"小麦经济"模式,对我国下阶段的改革和发展提供了一个来自实践领域的极富启发意义和参考价值的思路.     

Great Plains harvest: evolution of the US public employment service,transnational labor,and nonimmigrant visas

Government H-2A visa data and employer surveys show that Great Plains custom harvesting operations now rely on the US public employment service (PES) and private labor agencies to hire transnational labor. Wheat harvest labor problems and private labor bureau abuses during the Progressive Era were a driving force in the formation and development of the local, state, and federal PES agencies that are now used to secure foreign workers. The PES addressed harvest labor problems from the late nineteenth century until the 1930s when mechanization and drought sufficiently reduced labor demand. The PES became active in the wheat harvest again during WW II and into the 1950s until mobile custom combining crews eliminated the need for the federal government’s involvement. Beginning in the 1990s, domestic labor scarcity caused custom harvesting employers to hire foreign labor through the H-2A and J-1 visa programs. The PES is part and parcel of the H-2A visa program, but unlike most agricultural employers that use H-2A labor, foreign workers in custom harvesting are from South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, and numerous European and other countries rather than Latin America. Transnational custom harvesting employees that use H-2A visas occupy a niche within the program and thereby maintain Great Plains harvesting’s unique place in the labor market. This article traces the concurrent evolution of Great Plains harvesting and the PES from the end of the nineteenth century to the 1950s and examines the role of the PES and private labor agencies in today’s global labor market.     

Nearby Attractions & Tips

正Zhaoling MausoleumZhaoling is located on Jiuzong Mountain.The sprawling mausoleum covers an area of 200square kilometers and houses more than 180tombs of Tang aristocrats and senior officials in addition to that of Emperor Li Shimin.It ranks first for the number of accompanying tombs among China’s imperial mausoleums and stands out among all Tang royal cemeteries.     

小麦主产区农村土地流转现状调查与研究

该文通过对河南、山东、河北、安徽四省的实地调研,阐述了小麦主产区农村土地流转现状,即土地流转能使农民收入迅速增加,且流转价格在不断上涨,非经济因素阻碍农户流转出土地,经济因素阻碍农户流转入土地。同时小麦主产区农村土地流转也存在一些问题,土地流转周期短,难以实现规模化流转,承载土地流转的主体缺失,缺少中介服务组织,农业补贴主体混乱不清,“非粮化”程度严重等。