WHERE IS THE VILLAGE GOING? MAINTAINING AND INCLUDING CULTURAL STRENGTHS TO PROTECT CHILDREN ORPHANED IN KENYA

This article is the result of a master's thesis about children and their universal right to be included in a family environment. This is not only protected under international law, but also intuitive to human beings. HIV‐AIDS continues to threaten lives of children, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa in the form of orphaning. Looking at a case study from Kenya, it is revealed that, while legal protection is yet to be fully realized in the state, strong cultural norms of value are alive. Currently, the extended family system is the greatest protection to children orphaned or at risk of being orphaned. However, this system was made invisible in the domestic laws of Kenya under the Children Act 2001. This neglect calls for questions not only regarding the protection cultural norms may offer, according to the best interests of children, but also as to the cultural environment being created with the new law.     

对故意传播艾滋病的刑事立法刍议

保障艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人的合法权利,使其得到应有的治疗,并规定他们应承担的避免将艾滋病毒传染给他人,包括亲人的义务。政府必须加快制定HIV感染者病人的行政和刑事管理法规,对“传播艾滋病罪”作出规定。     

我国艾滋病行为干预的现实状况与基本评价

艾滋病行为干预是预防、控制艾滋病的重要技术手段,其内容框架主要包括对象、形式、目标、原则、措施等。近年来,我国政府通过采取各种各样的措施,广泛开展行为干预,积极应对艾滋病,取得了明显的成效,但同时也存在不少问题。要充分认识加强艾滋病行为干预工作的重要性和紧迫性,切实认真地执行艾滋病行为干预的政策规定,更加广泛、深入和持久地开展艾滋病的行为干预活动,加大监管力度,分类实施相应的行为干预措施。     

Reproductive health services: “Business-in-a-Box” as a model social innovation

Access to reproductive health services and products in remote and rural communities is a critical area of concern for developing countries. This article considers a pilot intervention in three districts of Pakistan where “Business-in-a-Box” as a model of place-based social innovation is used to improve the socio-economic conditions of women in remote rural settings through socially responsible micro-franchising. It finds that such programmes help build a sense of community, ownership and grassroots capabilities and skills. The article also discusses the impacts of such actions on the individual and community life, and the need to upscale and sustain these initiatives.     

Editor's note

This study applies Elisabeth Noelle‐Neumann's spiral of silence theory to the controversial issue of whether children with AIDS should be allowed to attend public school. The study tests the theory's hypotheses in light of two content analyses of the media's treatment of the issue. The findings offer tentative and qualified support for Noelle‐Neumann's theoretical propositions about the relationship between individuals' perceptions of the issue and the media's tenor of the issue; particularly that of television. The findings suggest the need to address the role of other agents of influence, including reference groups, and to use time‐based data to unravel the causal order of the relationships.     

关于制定我国《艾滋病防治条例》若干问题研究

近年来我国日益严峻的艾滋病形势要求必须尽快制定艾滋病防治条例。条例内容主要应包括立法目的、范围、防治方针与主管部门、预防与控制、检测与监测、治疗与救助、权利与义务、法律责任等。在制定条例时，应注意突出宣传教育、行为干预、自愿咨询检测、职业暴露等内容，以体现时代特点。     

卖淫嫖娼活动中的艾滋病传播隐患及防治对策刍议

由于卖淫嫖娼违法人员成分复杂,流动性大,缺乏艾滋病防治知识,活动隐秘性强以及我国失控的艾滋病患者人数多等原因,卖淫嫖娼活动中存在的艾滋病传播隐患很大。管理失效,监控机制缺乏,检测手段落后,公安民警防治意识淡薄以及卖淫嫖娼违法人员的侥幸心理等是目前查处卖淫嫖娼活动中阻止艾滋病传播存在的主要问题和困难。加强宣传教育、检测、管理和对卖淫女的帮教工作等是阻断艾滋病通过卖淫嫖娼活动中传播蔓延的有效办法。     

寻求艾滋病之源与克星

艾滋病的蔓延对人类生活和社会发展造成极大危害,性自由、性解放思潮是其理念根源,而美国式的治标性的性教育助长了它的泛滥。遏止和预防艾滋病,关键要进行思想道德教育,坚持和发扬中华民族的传统道德及其教育,才是艾滋病的有效克星。     

艾滋病人犯罪与相关法律制度之完善

近几年来，艾滋病人犯罪成为一种特殊的犯罪现象，值得关注。由于艾滋病本身的危害特点，对艾滋病人违法犯罪要采取打击与关怀、惩罚与救助相结合的措施。但打击和防治艾滋病人犯罪必须健全和完善限制艾滋病犯罪人人身自由的特殊措施，从立法上解决艾滋病犯罪人的关押和服钎jj等问题。同时应修改《刑法》第三百六十条，增加故意传播艾滋病的新罪名。     

基于实践的地方艾滋病立法研究

17年来的中国地方艾滋病立法取得了一定成绩,但也存在许多问题与不足。现实的选择是必须在遵循立法的指导思想和坚持立法的基本原则的基础上,根据立法依据尽快制定符合本地特色的防治条例。立法的总思路是转变观念,正视现实,先易后难,逐步建立与完善地方艾滋病立法体系。同时,为了提高立法质量,还必须辅之以组织措施、经费措施、计划措施与技术措施。