On the Nature of Tolerance: Dichotomous or Continuous?*

The purpose of this article is to reconsider the claim made recently by Mondak and Sanders that political tolerance ought to be thought to be a dichotomous rather than continuous variable. Using data from both Russia and the United States, I demonstrate that those Mondak and Sanders regard as uniquely tolerant are most likely no more than people who were given insufficient opportunity to express their intolerance. Even if such a phenomenon of “absolute tolerance” exists (all ideas expressed in all ways are to be tolerated), it is sufficiently rare that few practical implications are indicated for those doing empirical work on political tolerance and intolerance. * I appreciate the valuable comments of Jeffcry Mondak on an earlier version of this paper.     

包容的价值取向与包容性增长的融合途径探析

包容的价值取向作为一种价值导向和发展观,在人的发展和社会主义核心价值体系建设中发挥着越来越大的作用,包容性增长是包容的价值取向在经济领域的投射。但随着经济社会的发展,包容性增长中重视效率和效益的问题被放大,掩盖了其所蕴含的社会包容性发展问题。因此,用包容性发展的概念取代包容性增长的概念,并实现包容的价值取向与包容性增长的融合便成为重要的研究课题。本文在论述二者融合的必要性的基础上,探讨了二者融合的途径,以期用二者的融合促进人与社会的包容以及人的和谐发展、全面发展。     

有限责任公司股权继承事实与规范之间的抉择

有限责任公司股权继承在《公司法》中的规定过于粗疏,在理论和实践中存在着障碍。由于股东资格的不可继承性,所以股权无法继承,股权不是继承权的适格客体。应当尊重和保护股东利益,以公司设立及继承行为发生的时间为界限,对法律的适用做不同的安排以体现裁判的宽容。     

浅议不可量物侵害

不可量物侵害是民法上的一个重要概念,我国《物权法》首次规定了这一制度.文章研究了不可量物侵害的性质和各国的立法模式,评价了我国《物权法》相关规定的优缺点,并探究了容忍义务的理论基础,最后阐明了不可量物侵害与环境污染之间的关系.     

白族文化的包容性及其现实意义

包容性是白族文化最主要的特征之一。包容性几乎表现在白族文化的方方面面,但突出地表现在白族族源的多元性、白族文化源流的多源性、白族宗教信仰的多元性、南诏大理国与唐宋的关系、白族的民族观及婚俗观和丧葬观等方面;白族文化包容性的主要成因是受中原文化和白族生息的地理环境的影响;充分挖掘和利用白族文化的包容性有利于促进边疆民族地区的和谐社会建设。     

多元价值背景下价值教育的挑战及其转向

当多元价值成为社会存在的一个不争事实时,一元价值社会中价值教育存在的合理性理据就丧失了。30年来,我国社会价值模式的转变也必然导致了对灌输式价值教育模式的否定,然而在转变后的多元价值社会中,价值教育不可能支持价值中立和完全宽容的立场。因此,多元价值背景下,价值教育需要向培育价值理性和捍卫客观的价值秩序,以及促进价值分享和价值对话方向转变。这不但是捍卫价值教育自身的需要,同时也是捍卫多元价值社会存在的需要。     

国际侦查合作中的刑罚许容性原则

刑罚许容性原则是世界各国参与国际侦查合作的前提条件之一，具有重要的基础性意义。在对相关的国际公约、双边条约或协定以及国内法进行比较考察的基础上，运用刑事诉讼法学以及刑法学的基本原理，论证和阐释了特定犯罪不合作原则的由来、内涵，刑罚许容性的法律表达与理论分类及其价值功能，并且结合立法与司法实践归纳出刑罚许容性原则的发展趋势。     

Iraq the Vote: Retrospective and Prospective Foreign Policy Judgments on Candidate Choice and Casualty Tolerance

In this article, we model the effect of foreign policy attitudes on both vote choice and casualty tolerance, using survey data collected during the 2004 election. We show that prospective judgments of the likelihood of success in Iraq and retrospective judgments of whether the war in Iraq was right are significant determinants of both vote choice and casualty tolerance. The prospective judgment of success is key in predicting casualty tolerance, while retrospective judgment of whether the war was right takes precedence in determining vote choice. In addition, there is an important interaction between the two variables, so the effect of one is conditional on the value of the other. We believe this is compelling evidence that foreign policy matters, and that it matters in reasonable ways.

In Principle <Emphasis Type="Italic">and</Emphasis> in Practice: Learning Political Tolerance in Eastern and Western Europe

Political tolerance is a key democratic value believed to undergird successful and healthy democracies. In nascent democracies especially, citizens must tolerate the views and participation of opposing groups in order to ensure methodical transfers of power with successive elections. Yet, despite its importance, little research considers tolerance outside established democracies. In this paper, we compare political tolerance across eight Eastern European countries and six Western countries. We demonstrate that mean levels of tolerance are lower in the newly democratized countries of Eastern Europe and then examine whether they are a function of East Europeans’ limited experience with democracy. We also test whether established individual-level theories of tolerance replicate across this wide range of new and old democracies. We find some support for theories of democratic learning and also show that models of tolerance operate differently across the range of countries in our sample.

“零容忍”反腐败:内涵、特征与进路

本文在研究"零容忍"反腐败的内涵和特征以及借鉴新加坡和香港"零容忍"反腐败的基础上,提出"零容忍"反腐败的进路思考。"零容忍"反腐败要建立一套完整有效的法律制度,形成一支坚强有力的执行队伍,加强执行权威,建构一个公民参与的、广泛细化的反腐败网络,也要通过反腐败教育提高公民反腐败意识和公务员廉洁奉公的情操。