Lost in space? the role of place in the delivery of social welfare law advice over the telephone and face-to-face

ABSTRACT

Advice that is provided exclusively over the telephone has been promoted by government as more convenient and accessible than face-to-face appointments. The resulting push towards telephone-only provision, as implemented by the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012, challenges the long history of association between social welfare law advice and local delivery within disadvantaged communities. This article reports on qualitative research comparing telephone and face-to-face advice which uncovers the continuing relevance of place in the dynamics and mechanics of social welfare law provision. Familiarity with the geographical location, knowledge of local policies and procedures, relationships with opponents and allies, and an understanding of the ‘local legal culture’ mean that face-to-face advisers are often able to conduct their legal casework more effectively. Conversely, local knowledge is unlikely to be available to Community Legal Advice telephone advisers. This research suggests that, in addition, telephone-only advisers may be developing a more narrow understanding of the essential qualities of casework. These findings are particularly significant in view of the likely future expansion of remote methods of delivery in legal aid work.     

手机短信诈骗犯罪的特点与类型分析

利用手机短信进行诈骗已成为一种新的诈骗犯罪类型。手机短信诈骗犯罪是指以非法占有为目的,用虚假事实或者隐瞒真相的方法向手机用户发送虚假信息,以骗取手机用户财物数额较大的行为。本文从手机短信诈骗的犯罪构成、完成形态及危害结果入手,对手机短信诈骗犯罪的特点和类型进行探讨。     

论国际法视野下中医药知识产权的保护

我们对于传统中医药知识产权的保护多从私权出发,从而忽视了国家在这一领域内应起的作用。本文试图说明国家在中医药知识产权国际保护中的地位应该得到加强,并且在不违背其所承担的国际义务的前提下,可以通过强化其外部贸易政策来实现这一目的。     

网络犯罪成因的几点思考

随着互联网逐渐进入人们的生活 ,在给人们带来巨大便利和实惠的同时 ,网络犯罪也日益突出。本文从网络犯罪的成本、网络伦理道德、计算机网络本身存在的安全漏洞三方面对网络犯罪的成因展开了分析。     

日本知识产权高等法院研究

知识产权高等法院的设立是日本“知识产权立国”政策最大的亮点,其主要目的是建立技术类知识产权案件二审的专门法院,并设立了大合议、法院调查员和专门委员制度。由于特许厅在专利的数量控制上占优势,故特许厅的审判前置在确保专门性这一点上仍具有独立的价值。另一方面,知识产权高等法院为实现多元集中化进行了各种尝试,然而该尝试时常受到大合议的干扰,因此需要避免大合议过早干预,同时须处理好知识产权高等法院与最高法院的关系,形成良好的运行机制。     

Using network sampling in crime victimization surveys

Since crime victimizations are statistically rare events, surveys to estimate rates of victimization are difficult and expensive. In this paper, we examine the advantages of network sampling over traditional methods for conducting crime victimization surveys. Network sampling links population households in specified ways, for reporting purposes, in order to increase the probabilities of locating households with particular characteristics. We conducted a reverse record check field experiment to test whether a telephone survey using network sampling is feasible to collect crime victimization data. Three types of crimes-burglary, robbery, and assault-were tested along with two types of networks-relatives and co-workers/close friends. This paper examines the extent to which victims report their victimization experiences in a general crime and victimization interview and the extent to which a randomly selected relative or close friend will report the same victimization incident in an identical interview. A number of multiplicity counting rules are compared in terms of reporting errors and a mean square error analysis.     

两岸跨境犯罪新情势、新问题分析

2010年的"1011"与"0810"项目,以及2011年的"0310"项目行动,让人们见识到跨境电话诈骗之猖獗。事实上,打击跨境犯罪的困境,体现在"跨境"的字义上。从犯罪人的角度而言,跨境犯罪的实施,便意味着增加了执法机关追诉的困难并降低了犯罪人被捕的风险。另外,在此信息社会下,两岸跨境犯罪呈现组织化、科技化、隐蔽化、严重化及被害普及化之新趋势,传统跨境治理体系已无法处理日益复杂化的全球跨境犯罪问题。如何避免全球治理缺口,即"管辖权的缺口"、"参与性的缺口"、"诱因性的缺口"及"功能性的缺口",成为当前防治跨境犯罪急需注意的课题。所以,未来两岸为了有效防治跨境犯罪,应以全球化治理的观点来检视两岸跨境犯罪问题,以强调"网络"、"互赖"及"规制"的特质(低政治、高功能),建立一个永续合作的发展模式,共创两岸人民双赢的局面。     

基于分组交换的IP over ATM技术

介绍了一种基于分组交换网络的IP与ATM结合技术,对其工作原理、技术分类、系统优缺点进行了分析,并介绍了其在公安业务中的应用。     

The effect of the presence and seating position of an interpreter on eliciting information and cues to deceit

The present experiment examined how the seating position of an interpreter during investigative interviews affects information elicitation and cues to deceit. A total of 60 native English speakers were interviewed in English and 200 non-native English speakers were interviewed in English (a non-native language) or through an interpreter who either sat next to the interviewer, behind the interviewee or interpreted via the telephone. Interviewees either lied or told the truth about a mock security meeting they watched. Interviewees who spoke in their native language provided more detail than interviewees who spoke in their native language through an interpreter or in a non-native language (English) without an interpreter. The latter groups did not differ. Additionally, the amount of detail differentiated truth tellers from liars in all conditions and interviewees found the presence of an interpreter to be a largely positive experience. The interpreter’s seating position had no effect on the findings.     

Horror Films Face Political Evils in Everyday Life

Studies of cognition show that Americans get much of their political information from audiovisual media. Therefore, attention to popular films can help us learn how genre conventions communicate politics. The popular genre of horror uses subtexts to help people face political evils in their everyday lives. Many of the evils lately concern the politics of communication, and this is evident in a wide range of horror films, recently including Phone Booth (2003), The Ring (2002), and The Mothman Prophecies (2001).