马克思的哲学意识、科学意识及历史意识

本文结合学术界关于马克思哲学本质的讨论 ,致力于探讨在哲学意识与科学意识的关系问题上 ,马克思所具有的与西方现代哲学家不同的出场路径。马克思尽管没有像胡塞尔和海德格尔那样转向现象学和存在论 ,但他依然很好地发挥了哲学的意识 ,并且恰恰就是在现代西方哲学家所要克服的认识论的维度上来发挥这种哲学意识的 ,这就是马克思科学认识论的丰富内涵之所在。     

关于“安乐死”立法化的理论思考

"安乐死"问题事关生死大事,跨越社会、伦理、法律、医学等学科,争议由来已久。对死亡问题进行哲学思辨,目的在于揭示安乐死的哲学基础并寻求共识。对安乐死问题进行伦理分析和文化兼容性思考,有助于突破安乐死问题中国化所面对的两大障碍。研究并解决好这些问题,是实现安乐死立法化的必由之路。     

社会学视野下的回族学——也谈回族学的学科属性

本文从社会学、人类学、民族学、回族学等诸学科的渊源出发,梳理了这几个学科的相互关系和地位,在此基础上探讨了回族学的学科属性。本文认为,回族学隶属民族学,其学科属性具有综合性。如果从当前回族学的社会功能、研究任务、学者构成、学科体系和发展趋势等方面来看,回族学主要应当属于一级学科的社会学。随着研究的不断深入,建立回族社会学、回族经济学等分支学科也应该提上日程。     

Open Societies and Closed Minds

Karl Popper’s equation of the closed society with tribalism is reviewed and modified. The German origins of the anthropological concept of culture and its related ideas of the folk culture and cultural relativism are explored. The vicissitudes of the idea of The Folk and its swing from Right to Left are related to contemporary neo-primitivism. The open society and high culture are defended.

Lessons of Russian in Afghanistan

The experience of Soviet involvement in Afghanistan (1979–1989) is considered through the prism of institutional transfers. Afghanistan has a long history of attempts to implement Muslim, Soviet and Anglo-Saxon institutional designs. Most of them have failed. This failure can be attributed to the lack of ‘elective affinity’ between traditional and new institutions imported from more developed countries. It is argued that a careful examination of the degree of elective affinity must precede any attempt of institutional transfers. An analysis of Ph.D. dissertations defended by Afghan students at Soviet and Russian universities complements logical arguments and references to historical facts.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Peircean Semeiotic

This special issue should go a long way towards increasing the understanding of Peirce’s semeiotic and its applicability for solving problems in legal studies. In fact, the New Science of Semiotics should result in developing a rigorous and systematic methodology for legal studies making it a true semiotic science which I suggest calling “jurisology.”     

教育环境的哲学思考

教育环境是影响教育存在发展的诸种因素的总和。教育环境与教育互制互约，相互制衡。树立科学发展观，建构和谐发展的教育环境，促进教育事业繁荣，是实施科教兴国战略、加快教育改革和发展的当务之急。     

略论广松涉对早期马克思“异化劳动”概念的解读——以《1844年经济学哲学手稿》为例

广松涉在《唯物史观的原像》一书中作出了一个基本判断,认为异化劳动不过是马克思对私有财产所作的概念性把握,二者的真实关系在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中尚未最后解决。广松涉的这个判断基本上是正确的,但关于马克思所面临的逻辑张力和理论困境,他的分析就难免有疏漏之处。     

Chemical trace XRF analysis to detect sharp force trauma in fresh and burned bone

Forensic anthropologists may not always be able to differentiate heat-induced fractures from fractures with other aetiologies, namely sharp force traumas, with clear nefarious impact on medico-legal conclusions. The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate if blade chemical traces are transferred to defleshed bone tissue and if they remain there after a burning event. This was accomplished by prompting sharp force traumas in 20 macerated fresh pig ribs with five different instruments, namely a stainless steel knife, an artisanal knife and a ceramic kitchen knife, a small axe and a large axe. Another pig rib was used as control, not being subjected to any trauma. All instruments were probed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to establish the composition of each blade. Bone samples, both pre-burned and post-burned (at 500 °C, 700 °C, 900 °C and 1100 °C), were then probed by XRF. All sharp force instruments left detectable chemical traces on pre-burned bone, although not in all samples. Furthermore, traces were still detected after experimental burning in most cases. Potentially, XRF can provide relevant information about the aetiology of fractures in burned and unburned bones, although the effect of soft tissues and diagenesis must still be investigated.     

人的本质:自由的劳动实践——重读马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》

人的本质是人之为人的根本之质,区别于人的属性和人性。马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中明确将人的本质界定为自由的劳动实践。这一重要的界定显示此时的马克思已经接近了历史唯物主义。这一界定不仅避免了以往哲学家对人的本质的抽象理解,而且指明人是社会性的存在物,因而与"人的现实本质是一切社会关系的总和"是不相矛盾的。并且,马克思还指出了人类解放的目标即实现人的本质的真正确证。