Defected and loyal? A case study of counter-defection mechanisms inside Chechen paramilitaries

Can former insurgents in the service of counterinsurgent paramilitaries be considered a perfectly loyal force? What mechanisms may help to deter subsequent defections of individuals who have already “betrayed” once? Drawing on a unique set of primary data, this article examines the effective counter-defection practices of Chechnya’s pro-Moscow paramilitaries toward prospective defectors from among ex-insurgents. It explores three interwoven mechanisms employed with various intensities to avert “double defections” at the peak of the locally fought counterinsurgency in Chechnya from 2000 to 2005. These mechanisms are: a) extrajudicial executions of recidivists and their relatives, b) initiation violence targeting insurgents’ relatives, and c) disclosure of the identities of defected insurgents who were responsible for killing insurgents in combat to the families of slain insurgents.     

调肝益肾汤、帕罗西汀单用和联用治疗早泄临床观察

目的观察单用帕罗西汀、调肝益肾汤及帕罗西汀联合调肝益肾汤治疗早泄的临床疗效。方法将96例早泄患者随机分为帕罗西汀组、调肝益肾汤组、中西医结合组,每组32例。帕罗西汀组予以帕罗西汀,每次20mg,口服,每晚1次;调肝益肾汤组予以中药调肝益肾汤口服,每日1剂,早晚分服;中西医结合组联合服用帕罗西汀与中药调肝益肾汤。3组疗程均为8周,比较3组患者治疗前后及停药10周末阴道内射精潜伏时间(intravaginal ejaculatory latency time,IELT)、中国早泄患者性功能指数(Chinese index of sexual function for premature ejaculation,CIPE)及不良反应。结果治疗后及停药10周末,3组患者IELT均较治疗前明显延长(P<0.05),CIPE评分及各条目评分均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05);与帕罗西汀组、调肝益肾汤组比较,治疗后及停药10周末中西医结合组患者IELT明显延长(P<0.05),CIPE评分及各条目评分明显升高(P<0.05)。停药10周末,调肝益肾汤IELT显著大于帕罗西汀组(P<0.05),而CIPE评分及各条目评分与帕罗西汀组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论调肝益肾汤联合帕罗西汀治疗早泄的短期疗效和长期疗效较好,不良反应少。单用调肝益肾汤因其较好的安全性及长期疗效,亦有一定的临床应用价值。     

侦查制度建设刍议

侦查制度其实质就是国家权力机关运用侦查权调查刑事案件的一整套程序。由于侦查伴随着强制力的行使,所以,与人权保障有着密不可分的联系。随着我国市场经济体制的确立,尤其是加入世界贸易组织后,现有的侦查制度弊端凸现,我们必须更新观念,革除积弊,推进社会主义法治现代化的建设,建立一个公正、科学的现代侦查制度。     

政治犯罪例外原则与叛逃罪的修改

政治犯罪例外原则是国际刑事司法合作中的重要原则,对政治犯罪的认定存在双重标准,《刑法修正案(八)》删除了原叛逃罪中“危害中华人民共和国国家安全的”这一条件,一方面,在国内司法实践上,并不意味着在对叛逃罪的判定上发生重大变化;另一方面将给我国的国际刑事司法合作尤其是对外逃贪官的引渡合作上,带来很大的障碍,此次对叛逃罪的修改,弊大于利.     

Why Democratic Allies Defect Prematurely: Canadian and Dutch Unilateral Pullouts from the War in Afghanistan

Why do some democratic allies prematurely withdraw from ongoing military US-led coalition operations? Why are some democratic allies more reliable than others? This article proposes a multifactorial integrated framework consisting of several causal mechanisms drawn from ideological, domestic, and alliance explanations of premature defection. It compares and contrasts two neglected case studies, namely the Canadian and Dutch withdrawal of combat troops from NATO’s counterinsurgency mission in southern Afghanistan. The comparative analysis finds that democratic institutional designs, parliamentary war powers, leadership turnover, as well alliance dependence and threat perceptions did not play a meaningful role in both cases of premature defection. It rather finds that domestic elite consensus interacted with electoral calculations to account for pullout choices. Right-wing ideological beliefs held by state executives also slowed down the decision to withdraw, and alliance pressures interacted with domestic elite consensus to account for commitment renewal into a noncombat mission. The article concludes with some implications for the theory of democratic alliance reliability.     

论我国监狱服刑人员权利的保障

监狱服刑人员的权利保障问题的研究有利于国家的和谐稳定和法治文明的发展。从法律规定来看,监狱服刑人员的权利是多种多样的,涉及了人身权利、政治权利等方面,对于这些权利的保障,要从宏观的制度层面和微观层面进行研究,以期更好地保护监狱服刑人员的权利,推动整个社会的民主和法制的进程。     

叛逃罪之立法修正解读

《刑法修正案（八）》对叛逃罪法条进行了修正：一方面,删除了原条文中“危害中华人民共和国国家安全”的规定：另一方面,修正了对于掌握国家秘密的国家工作人员构成叛逃罪的条件,删去了“在履行公务期间,擅离岗位”的限定条件。这种修正不仅合理解决了司法实践中叛逃罪认定方面的难题,也进一步加大对该罪的打击力度,其实际意义应当得到全面的肯定。修正后该罪的犯罪构成产生了一定的变化,为便利司法适用,应当对其构成要件进行全面的理论解读。     

论待岗青年科技人员的素质改善

待岗青年科技人员有很多优点和长处 ,但他们的素质存在一定的缺陷 ,需要改善。待岗青年科技人员要从提高思想道德素质、增强心理承受能力、转变旧观念、确立终身学习等新观念出发 ,改善并提高自身的素质。