基于马克思劳动幸福理论的“劳动幸福问卷”设计及其信效度检验

劳动幸福是一种客观状态，对劳动幸福观测维度的测量有助于有针对性地提高劳动幸福程度。劳动幸福可以从四个观测维度进行测量，分别是劳动发展维度、劳动解放维度、劳动尊严维度以及劳动基础条件维度。这四个维度相互联系、互为因果，共同促进劳动幸福程度的提高。根据这样的理论建构，研究设计了"劳动幸福问卷”,对来自全国的样本进行了网络在线调查。分析结果显示，劳动幸福四维度之间具有正相关关系，符合本研究的理论建构。这说明“劳动幸福问卷”在总体上是可用的，是一个可靠和可信的研究工具。     

悲伤情绪人群立冬节气表现特点分析

目的探索非疾病悲伤情绪大学生立冬节气的躯体、情绪和人格表现特点及其相互的关联性,从中医角度讨论悲伤情绪的内在病机。方法运用自拟躯体健康状况调查问卷、贝克焦虑量表(Beck Anxiety Inventory,BAI)、贝克抑郁量表(Beck Depression Inventory,BDI)及艾森克人格问卷简式量表(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revise Short Scale for Chinese,EPQ-RSC)作为测评工具,在立冬节气对中医院校大学生的悲伤情绪进行问卷调查。结果 308例被试者中,共有169例存在悲伤情绪。在躯体健康状况调查问卷的躯体总分、精神情绪总分,BAI评分,BDI评分,以及EPQ-RSC的多个因子方面,男性和女性悲伤被试者与不悲伤者比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05,或P0.01)。169例悲伤被试者中,出现频率大于50%的躯体不适条目有口干、头部不适、疲乏无力、怕冷、咽部不适和善太息;有3%的被试者存在焦虑情绪,21.3%的被试者存在抑郁情绪,悲伤者合并有注意力下降、郁闷和烦躁等精神情绪失调。女性悲伤被试者EPQ-RSC量表的P、N因子评分显著高于不悲伤者,L因子评分显著低于不悲伤者;男性悲伤被试者EPQRSC量表的E因子评分显著低于不悲伤者(P0.01)。经Pearson相关分析发现,悲伤情绪评分与BAI、BDI及躯体健康亚量表的一些条目评分存在显著相关性。结论悲伤情绪者具有一定程度的躯体不适,合并有较多的情绪失调,人格特质具有性别差异性。悲伤情绪者的病机为肝郁脾虚、胃脘气滞、气机失调。     

复方守宫散辅助治疗晚期结直肠恶性肿瘤的疗效观察

目的 基于倾向性评分匹配法探讨复方守宫散辅助治疗晚期结直肠恶性肿瘤的疗效。方法 采用倾向性评分匹配法,将匹配成功的70例患者分为对照组（化学治疗）和观察组（复方守宫散联合化学治疗）,每组35例;比较两组患者瘤体客观疗效［客观缓解率（objective response rate,ORR）,疾病控制率（disease control rate,DCR）］、生活质量评分、免疫功能指标、安全性指标,并对生存期进行分析。结果 观察组ORR、DCR优于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组患者治疗后功能维度（躯体功能、角色功能、情绪功能、认知功能、社会功能）,症状领域（疲劳、疼痛、恶心呕吐）评分改善程度显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组患者血清CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、自然杀伤细胞水平,CD4+/CD8+均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗组患者总不良反应发生率显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组的中位无进展生存期显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,中位总生存期高于对照组（P＞0.05）。结论 相较于单纯化学治疗,复方守宫散与化学治疗联合应用能显著提高疗效,增强机体免疫力,改善晚期结直肠癌患者生活质量,降低化学治疗的毒性及不良反应,在一定程度上延长患者生存时间。     

Memories of parenting practices are associated with psychopathy in juvenile male offenders

Despite the large body of research documenting parenting practices as risk factors for the development of child and adolescent disruptive behaviour, the association with psychopathy is notably less known. The goal was to examine, in 75 institutionalized juvenile male offenders, the association between self-reported memories of parenting practices during childhood (Alabama Parenting Questionnaire) and psychopathy (Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version). Results showed that ineffective parenting practices as inconsistent discipline and poor monitoring/supervision were significantly associated with increased levels of psychopathic traits. Interestingly, only two of the four facets of the construct, lifestyle and antisocial, were associated with these parenting behaviours. Findings highlight the importance of considering parenting practices in the study of the early development of psychopathy and suggest that the facets could be rooted in distinct underlying etiologic-dispositional factors with differentiated developmental pathways and different psychosocial correlates. The study lends support to the multidimensional approach of psychopathy as a syndrome.     

我国旅游者出游越南的问卷调查分析

越南和我国山水相连。由于距离近、花费少，越南成为我国很多出境旅游者的首选目的地。为了更好地掌握我国出游越南市场的情况，作者和越南同学就我国旅游者出游越南旅游的市场情况进行了问卷调查和分析，并对如何发展和规范赴越旅游市场提出了建议。     

The utility of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as a screening measure among children and adolescents who light fires

Background: This pilot study examined the utility of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as a standardised screening tool for behavioural and psychosocial problems by fire service-based programmes to identify at-risk young firesetters who are in need of further comprehensive multiagency intervention. Method: SDQ scores were obtained from 57 children and adolescents, aged 6–17 years, who were referred to the Fire Awareness and Intervention Programme in New Zealand for firesetting behaviour. Scores from firesetters aged 13–17 years were compared to those of typically developing New Zealand secondary school students. Results: Overall, young firesetters were at a high risk of clinically significant conduct and hyperactivity/inattention difficulties, and at low risk of clinically significant emotional problems. Cronbach’s alphas for most SDQ subscales were acceptable. Conclusions: We recommend that the SDQ be considered by fire service-operated interventions for use as an additional assessment tool for the young firesetting population.

Key Practitioner Messages ? Due to its financial and emotional cost, deliberate firesetting by children and adolescents is a significant concern for communities.

? There appears to be significant comorbidity between firesetting and serious antisocial behaviour, and many young firesetters engage in ongoing general offending behaviour.

? Intervention for child and adolescent firesetters is predominantly provided by fire services and typically involves fire safety education.

? Given the co-morbid behavioural and psychosocial problems present among young firesetters, there is a need for fire service education programmes to use a standardised assessment tool that screens for wider behavioural and psychosocial difficulties to assist in the identification and referral of high-risk young people to appropriate services for further intervention.

? The SDQ, a free, short and well-validated measure, could be adopted by fire service-operated education programmes to help detect and inform the referral of young firesetters who need more comprehensive multiagency intervention.

     

我国管理科学与工程学科的发展现状与趋势——基于专家调查问卷的分析

为了支持“我国管理科学与工程十一·五规划及优先资助领域遴选”项目的研究,设计了“我国管理科学与工程学科调查问卷”,以国内外管理科学与工程学科相关领域专家为调查对象,征询专家对该学科未来重点资助领域和方向的建议,并以回收的133份国内外专家调查问卷为基础数据源,通过聚类分析和综合加权等方法分析了我国管理科学与工程学科19个研究领域及相关方向的研究现状,并提出了未来发展的若干建议及具体措施。它将为我国制定管理科学与工程学科的十一·五发展规划以及遴选优先资助领域提供参考依据。     

血细胞X染色体失活偏移与女性体质关联性研究

目的:探索血细胞X染色体失活偏移(skewed X-chromosomal inactivation, SXCI)与女性体质的关联性.方法:对15岁以上、获知情同意的1 103例健康女性,采用标准化中医体质量表计算各亚量表分数,判定个体为平和质或偏颇体质.对上述个体的外周血标本,提取基因组DNA,经Hpa Ⅱ消化后,PCR扩增雄激素受体(androgen receptor, AR)基因,产物经变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,银染显示结果,比较Hpa Ⅱ消化前后AR基因扩增产物的强度差异,计算其校正比值(CR).结果:以CR≥3为判断SXCI标准时,平和质、气虚质、阳虚质、阴虚质、痰湿质、湿热质、瘀血质、气郁质、特禀质组间SXCI的发生率分别为8.9%(33/370)、32.0%(48/150)、8.1%(5/62)、11.3%(6/53)、18.4%(16/87)、22.9%(19/83)、10.9%(5/46)、29.0%(29/100)和8.0%(4/50),发生率间有显著性差异(χ2=61.071,P<0.05).气虚质、痰湿质、湿热质与气郁质SXCI发生率较高,分别为32.0%(48/150)、18.4%(16/87)、22.9%(19/83)和29.0%(29/100).分型与SXCI关联系数为0.244(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义.结论:血细胞SXCI与女性体质关联.     

内热针治疗颈型颈椎病疗效观察

目的 观察内热针与电针治疗颈型颈椎病的近、远期疗效。方法 将80例颈型颈椎病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例,治疗组给予内热针治疗（每周1次）,对照组给予电针治疗（每周5次）,两组均治疗2周,治疗前、治疗2周结束时、治疗结束2个月随访时,分别观察患者的视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）、颈痛量表（Northwick park neck pain questionnaire, NPQ）评分。结果 两组治疗前VAS、NPQ评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。与治疗前相比,两组治疗后各观察时间点两项评分均有改善（P＜0.05）;且治疗组在各观察时间点两项评分改善程度均优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 内热针与电针治疗颈型颈椎病均有较好的近期与远期疗效,且内热针优于电针。