神山森林传统的传承与社区生态教育初探

“神山森林”是具有文化内涵、被山地少数民族村社传统文化保护的自然森林块。作为崇拜对象受到严格保护的神山森林 ,具有多种生态功能 ,对生物多样性的保护和管理有着重要的影响。高黎贡山国家级自然保护区周边的大田坡和百花岭两个行政村 ,在神山森林保护的传统中 ,进行了卓有成效的社区生态教育活动 ,其中传承神山森林传统的“社区共管”方式 ,可为今天生态保护提供借鉴。     

Landscape as Symbolic Form: Remembering Thick Place in Deep Time

Abstract

The current intense concern with landscape in the arts and social theory is seen as a response to the shaking of the Modern world-view, which has attended the growing awareness of the ecology crisis. The dilemmas associated with developing a new conception of the relationship between humans and the natural world is explored through a critical engagement with the work of Heidegger and Habermas. The article develops a symbolic conception of landscape as a place where the human world and the earth meet and a new sense of the human condition set within ecological constraints can be articulated and reflected upon.     

The Sacred,Social Creativity and the State

Abstract

This paper explores the specific contribution of a strand of contemporary French social theory founded by Cornelius Castoriadis and Claude Lefort to the under standing of human power. It formulates a conception of power that transcends its definitions in terms of physical coercion or institutionalised violence to reveal the way power is creative and institutes the social. Its reflection on the cultural nature of political power and it role in society is shown to extend the pioneering reflection of Durkheim's sociology, especially as regards the homology that exists between religion and politics. The social role performed by the state explored by Durkheim prefigures Gauchet's theory of the state, which builds on Lefort's work. Gauchet's theory can be said to elaborate a critical synthesis of the two stands of Durkheim's work: the sociology of religion and the sociology of the modern state. This synthesis raises questions on the role played by the European state in the development of individualism, in both its political and economic manifestations.     

傣族圣境及其生物多样性意蕴

傣族作为一个具有悠久历史的民族,拥有丰富的信仰文化。依赖这些信仰文化,傣族建立了依托"竜林"的自然圣境与佛教的人文圣境。以这些圣境为核心,傣族培植了敬畏自然、与自然和谐相处的生态自然观,成为了生物多样性保存完好的基地。     

Editor’s Note

Envisioning a well-ordered society composed of filial subjects who obeyed the law, avoided disputes, shunned religious heresy, paid their taxes, and peacefully engaged in agriculture, the Kangxi emperor’s “Sacred Edict of Sixteen Maxims” (圣谕十六条) has often been considered a declaration of the alien Qing dynasty’s Confucian bona fides. While the rhetoric of the pronouncement echoed traditional moral values, the political acumen of the Qing rulers was readily apparent in the eighth maxim, “explain the laws to warn the ignorant and obstinate.” Melding moral and legal education, the eighth maxim specifically endorsed the efficacy of the law. The importance placed on legal knowledge was abundantly clear in one of the earliest commentaries, which explained all sixteen maxims with examples of applicable legal guidelines. Thus, the “Sacred Edict” was a shrewd maneuver that endorsed traditional moral values, but it also foreshadowed a “legislative turn” in the Qing rule that was discernible in the evolving ethos of criminal justice. Despite the extensive efforts to propagate the “Sacred Edict,” violent crime was on the rise in the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong reigns. When transformation through moral “teaching and cultivation” (jiaoyang 教养) failed to alleviate social conflict, Qing rulers reconsidered and revised the established practice of criminal justice and the existing concept of criminal behavior. By the end of the eighteenth century, the effort to stem the tide of violent crime relied less on ideological exhortation and more on legislation that articulated harsh punishments. This “legislative turn” in Qing criminal justice resulted in an aggressive policy of deterrence that facilitated the greater use of capital punishment.     

从“劳工神圣”的新伦理到“为人民服务”的根本宗旨

作为中国共产党的两位主要创始人,李大钊和毛泽东先后提出了“劳工神圣”和“为人民服务”的光辉思想。这些思想成为中国共产党创立初期和后来发展成熟时期的革命纲领和行动宗旨。李大钊的“劳工神圣”思想主要是基于对封建的和资产阶级伦理道德的批判,它的主旨在于反对歧视和压迫广大的劳动人民和无产者,是中国共产党创立之初的主要行动纲领和宗旨。毛泽东在发展李大钊“劳工神圣”思想的基础上,从马克思主义唯物史观和科学社会主义的理论高度上,提出了“为人民服务”的光辉思想,成为中国共产党的根本宗旨和革命纲领,从而领导全国人民从胜利走向胜利。今天我们中国共产党仍然必须高举为人民服务的伟大旗帜。