维果茨基与皮亚杰关于儿童自我中心言语问题的比较研究

在心理学史上皮亚杰与维果茨基曾经围绕儿童自我中心言语问题展开过一场著名的争论 ,他们在儿童自我中心主义概念、心理发展观和儿童社会化等问题上存在着根本对立的观点。不过从思维与语言发展过程中个体与社会辩证统一关系的角度看 ,皮亚杰和维果茨基各自观点中合理的因素是可以综合的。在这一问题上 ,既要看到历史文化因素和社会实践活动对个体的思维和语言发展的制约作用 ,又要看到个体的思维和语言发展对个体社会交往能力发展的制约作用 ,儿童心理就是在个体与社会交互作用过程中发展的。     

Deictic use as a threshold for imaginative thinking: a Peircean perspective

This investigation traces the ontogeny of the use of “I” and how its symbolic use promotes imaginative thinking. Peirce's triadic system is contrasted with Vygotsky's binary system to highlight the import of Thirdness in characterizing the ontogeny of person deictics within conversational roles. Person deictics, such as “I”, are first indexes. Later when their social function/meaning is apprehended, they serve as symbols as well; still later they are used psychologically in self to self monologues, and acquire distinctive interpretants when used unconventionally. Early indexical uses of “I” are non-symbolic – “I” referring to self only absent recognition of conversational roles. “I” is employed symbolically when its referent shifts and when its invariant meaning (speaker) is apprehended. Person deictics enhance the emergence of imagination when the symbolic use transcends their inter-psychological regulation through human to human conversation to their intra-psychological function in self to self discourse. Extension of functional roles (speaker/listener) to dolls/puppets (in representational play scenarios) constitutes an extended use of the symbolic function because inanimates cannot assume conversational roles; and such use triggers the association of different interpretants to the category of deictic use. The symbolic use of “I” as speaker facilitates apprehension of self as object, which is a major determinant of when in ontogeny children extend the use of person deictics from Dynamic to Final interpretants.