Introduction to Performing Refusal/Refusing to Perform

This introduction outlines an aesthetic of refusal as it emerges from instances of racialized exhaustion. Described as an aesthetics of minoritarian inaction and non-reproductivity, refusal challenges the centrality of action and repetition as the central tenets of political performance. Instead, the two valences of performing refusal/refusing to perform name an ethics of relation under racial capitalism, negating the dialectic of assimilation or resistance that shape minoritarian political performance, in favor of tactics such as opacity, imperceptibility, and obscurity.     

烧毁文件的提取与检验

在实践中,被烧毁的文件往往具有较高的证据价值,需要对烧毁文件进行提取和检验。文件被烧毁后,其柔韧性大大降低且极脆,在提取、包装、运送过程中,可先用10%甘油水溶液或少许清水稍微润湿,或用美发用的喷发胶,向纸灰上方喷少许,使雾状发胶自然飘落在纸灰表面,增加纸灰的柔韧性。提取的纸灰一般都是卷曲易碎的,一般可用喷雾法、涂刷法、喷发胶软化法技术处理使之软化展平。烧毁文件的辨读可根据不同的书写材料采取红外线检验、单侧光反射检验或透射光等多种检验方式。     

Towards a critical realist perspective on African conflicts

With various attempts being made to address religious, ethnic and political conflicts in Africa, one question which continues to feature in public discourses concerns the contributions which the African academic community could make towards the understanding and resolution of conflict. This article demonstrates that ontological issues need to be critical in any attempts at effectively analysing conflicts. The merit of the critical realist philosophy of Roy Bhaskar, with its ontological concerns, is presented as an important analytical and resolution model which the African academic community can fall back on, to look for effective solutions to conflict on the continent. The thrust in this article is that the properties of the critical realist approach to social research make it practically adequate for analysing conflicts.     

Guilt and the origins of modern law

Abstract

Tracing the history of legal concepts from the decline of European feudalism to the Reformation, this paper examines ways in which the concept of guilt shaped the first evolution of modern law, and it claims that the early revolutionary junctures in the construction of the law were centred around specific and distinctive conceptions of guilt. It argues that, through the history of medieval and early-modern European society, the law learned positively to abstract and account for itself through internally formative exchanges over the subject of guilt, and changes in law's observation of guilt reflected a growing refinement in law's societal sensibility, in its inclusivity, in its patterns of imputation and in its positive powers of self-legitimation. Guilt formed the term around which the law enacted the necessary stages of its social adaptation and produced constructs to underwrite the requirement for general, abstracted and positively inclusive law that constitutes modern society. The ultimate result of guilt's evolution as a legal figure became visible in the fact that the law progressively intensified its positivity and inclusivity, and it amplified the legal and normative resources that it permitted modern societies to store, utilize and reproduce.     

司法经验整合及其抽象化问题——从私人背景步入公共领域的法官经验

司法经验本身强调的不是个体的独特性,而是与群体不可分割的整体性。在司法实践中,现有非正式的“内部请示报批”和“执行规范性文件”制度共同构成了我国独特的司法经验整体化机制。但其抽象化的过程和结果,难以释放经验整体化的功能。我们应充分利用司法裁判本身所具有的规则和经验价值,形成社会可资共用的法律智识资源,以一种迂回的方式实现司法经验的整体化。     

人的抽象与人的现实——马克思视野中的"人"

马克思视野中的“人”是人的抽象和人的现实的统一。具体表现在人的抽象是人的现实的价值评判尺度和根本方法;人的现实是人的抽象的特殊表现;人的抽象在人的现实发展中生成。马克思关于人的抽象与以往传统人学中抽象的人有着根本的区别,其出发点和归宿点不同。马克思在这个问题上的根本变革在于两者在实践基础上达到了统一。马克思关于人的抽象和人的现实关系的学理层面的意义在于,人学研究要把人学的基础理论和人的现实问题结合起来;实践层面的意义在于,以人为本要实现共性和差异、整合和分解的统一。     

The grammar of administrative justice values

The debate concerning administrative justice in the UK often involves reliance upon a certain set of values. Examples of such values include openness, confidentiality, timeliness, transparency, secrecy, fairness, efficiency, accountability, user-friendliness, consistency, participation, rationality and equal treatment. These values are often deployed, both in academic and policy contexts, without much precision. This produces confusion which can hamper debate. This article therefore argues there is a need to reflect on how these oft-used values are deployed, and consider the particular concerns which underlie them. In this sense, this article suggests there is a need to refine the grammar of administrative justice. This argument is demonstrated through an extended analysis of the value of ‘user-friendliness’: a site of emerging disagreement in recent years. It proposes that an important distinction must be drawn between two understandings of the value: the ‘accessibility’ and ‘consumerist’ understandings. This article concludes by suggesting that, going forward, it is important to consider whether the use of abstractions is helpful at all in administrative law and justice debates.     

物权行为理论辩析

物权行为是交易双方基于变动物权的合意,以交付或登记为表现形式的民事行为,它具有物权变动同时消灭相关债权的效力;整个交易过程中双方都有权作出相应的意思表示,物权合意是完成交易的最终的意思表示;物权行为的独立性源于其不同于债权行为的法律效力,选择履约与否的自由和正当性决定了物权行为独立性的本质,否定物权行为的独立性就是否定交易双方在特定情形下毁约的权利;物权行为的无因性是其独立性的合理延伸,交易双方的利益并不会因之而失衡,认为无因性会损害出卖人的利益的看法是片面的。     

凝视拒抗与画诗观看：玛丽安·摩尔画诗抽象的伦理维度

美国现代女诗人玛丽安·摩尔深受包括绘画在内的视觉艺术的影响；不过，学界一方面就绘画对其诗歌影响的内部差异认知不足，另一方面忽视了摩尔画诗与男性画诗的差异。文章试图在讨论现代主义诗歌与绘画共同走向抽象的内在动因的基础上，分析绘画对摩尔诗歌创作和诗歌抽象的影响，并通过剖析摩尔画诗创作中两种异中有同的观看方式——凝视的抗拒和游离的视线，阐述摩尔画诗及其画诗抽象的伦理蕴涵。文章认为作为一种“非掠夺性观看”，摩尔的画诗观看模式与“摩尔式的颠覆”相一致——激进而不极端，是既非传统男性的，也非激进女权主义的。     

Groundwater irrigation management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia： A case study of Al-Wajid aquifer

Groundwater is the primary source for water irrigation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. As a result of lack of basic knowledge on irrigation practices, massive abstractions of groundwater occurred in 1980s. A decision support linear programming （LP） model was developed to help in allocation of optimal groundwater irrigation use, to assess policies implication for water management efficiency, and to estimate welfare impact on producer surplus is developed. Due to massive abstractions occurring in 1980s, Al-Wajid aquifer water levels have dropped in agricultural areas by more than 200 m. The total groundwater of Al-Wajid aquifer that can be saved is equal to 158.7 MCM for the first scenario, 211.9 MCM for the second scenario, and 15,087 MCM for the third scenario. Regarding welfare analysis impact, it is clear that the second scenario alternative is the best alternative, since the value of the producer surplus is the highest for the two study regions and also the two type schemes of modern and traditional irrigation, except the traditional irrigation of Najran region.