Ethno-racial identity (politics) by law: “Fraud” and “choice”

Following an introduction to the changes in how ethno-racial identity is conceptualized in the social sciences and humanities by the destabilization of categorical frameworks, the author looks at how law reacts to these discussions and paradigm shifts, and argues that legal and administrative approaches face severe linguistic and conceptual limitations by operating within a “choice” and “fraud” binary. The article then questions if the free choice of identity exists as a principle of international minority protection law, a legal field that arguably represents a global political and ethical consensus. The author makes two claims. First, according to the basic tenet of legal logic, a proper right to free choice of identity allowing people to opt out of racial, ethnic, or national (minority) communities would necessitate the freedom to opt in to the majority or to any chosen group. The second claim, however, is that international law would not actually construct an approach to opting in. Thus, the right to free choice of identity is not an autonomous, sui generis right under international law.     

对"亚洲价值"的再认识--兼论"亚洲价值"被扭曲的过程及原因

20世纪90年代,"亚洲价值"被吵得沸沸扬扬,引起广泛关注,甚至被认为是东亚发展的精神支柱.但是1997年的金融危机却让"亚洲价值"顷刻之间容光尽失,人们又把导致危机的一切弊端的发端指向了"亚洲价值".现在,亚洲金融危机已经过去,对"亚洲价值"的讨论也已经冷却了许多.本文试图对"亚洲价值"在危机之前和之后的不同遭遇作出分析,并从历史的纵向的视角对"亚洲价值"进行再考察,提出"亚洲价值"的扇形分布结构图以及可分解的、有容纳性的、流动的"亚洲价值"观.     

泰国华人家庭和社会的缩影——读《碧城风云录》

泰国泰中学会副会长林光辉先生的著作《碧城风云录》一书 ,生动地展现了二战前后泰国华人家庭和社会的历史 ,是全面了解和认识二战前后泰国华人社会的必读书     

Prior Experiences as Temporal Frames of Reference in Social Justice: The Influence of Previous Fairness Experiences on Reactions to New and Old Supervisors

This paper focuses on the psychology of social change and social justice. Specifically, we focus on subordinates’ reactions to new and old supervisors, and we argue that in evaluating these different types of supervisors, subordinates may rely on prior fair or unfair experiences as temporal frames of reference. We further propose that a result of these frames of reference may be that previous fairness experiences have a bigger impact on subordinates’ reactions to subsequent neutral communications when an old rather than when a new supervisor is the source of that communication. Findings of two empirical studies indeed show that subordinates who had had fair experiences with a particular supervisor reacted more positively toward subsequent neutral messages when the communication was coming from the old supervisor rather than from the new supervisor. Subordinates who had had unfair experiences, however, reacted more negatively toward the communication when the source was the old rather than the new supervisor. Some evidence was also found for contrast effects such that people who react to a new supervisor may react more positively with the neutral demand from this authority figure when they have earlier experienced unfair as opposed to fair treatment by a different supervisory agent. These findings were obtained on subordinates’ satisfaction with the supervisors’ communication and their acceptance of the supervisor. Finally, we discuss the implications for the psychology of social change and social justice.     

民族融合、民族同化和民族文化融合概念辨正

民族融合、民族同化和民族文化融合是民族关系中存在的三种不同的现象。但在中国民族史的研究中 ,学界对这三个概念的使用却是非常混乱与不规范的。究其原因 ,主要是由于学者们对民族、民族融合、民族同化、民族文化融合的定义理解与认识不清而导致的。而不加区别地使用这三个概念 ,将不能准确确定和反映历史上民族关系的性质与特征 ,进而会影响到对相关学术问题的深入研究。本文的主旨正是在前人研究成果的基础上 ,首先辨析这几个概念的含义 ,然后再结合中国民族史中的相关事例 ,来探讨民族关系研究中用语的规范使用问题 ,并以冀能引起学界对这一问题的重视。     

文化差异与翻译

文章分析了翻译过程中涉及到的语言与文化两个密切相关的因素,包括语言与文化的关系、文化差异的表现,并强调:1.语言与文化是紧密相关的两个方面、两者彼此影响.2.文化差异的存在是翻译过程中不容忽视的问题.3.文化差异的异化、归化翻译.     

Forced Civil Society? Associational Life,Philanthropy, and the Indianapolis Turnerverein in the 1920s

This study uses the case of a German American association in the 1920s as a historical case study to gain a better understanding of the integration of an immigrant group in American society. Philanthropy, membership recruitment tactics, and associational mission are used as analytical categories in the analysis of German Americans’ processes of assimilation against the background of the aftermath of the First World War and Prohibition. Philanthropy and associational membership provide a vantage point for studying dynamics of identity, assimilation, and integration. The study argues that the difficulty of transitioning from a membership of German origin to a membership of second-generation immigrants played a major role in the progressive membership decline of this organization. This study points to challenges of an ethnic-based membership association in maintaining its relevance within an immigrant community in the face major political, social, and economic transformations, while attempting to renew its membership.     

从佛经看早期外来音译词的汉化

“Chen”、“塔”、“玻璃”、“和尚”等若干个梵语音泽词逐渐汉化的过程证明，汉语在吸收外来音泽词时，明显受到汉字字形的制约。因此，现代汉语吸收外来音泽词时也必须注意这个特点并遵循一定规律：在音泽外来词时应当注意字形的选择，使之既能与原词有很好的对音关系，又能满足汉民族对词语的潜意识的求源心理。     

Re-Conceptualization of Literature in Marketing on the Measurement of Differences within Immigrant/Ethnic Populations

Abstract

First, the importance of understanding what the key differences are between individuals in any ethnic population is highlighted. Next, the concept of assimilation is introduced as a construct by which these differences may be accounted for. Following this, the literature on the measurement of differences within ethnic markets is surveyed and classified in light of the assimilation construct and a set of conclusions based on this survey are drawn up. Finally, based on these conclusions, a set of recommendations is developed to guide researchers in the future who might wish to rigorously measure the major differences within any ethnic population group.     

Tribal or Indigenous? The Indian Dilemma

Abstract

Current Maoist struggles, resulting from deprivation of livelihood in the Central Indian tribal belt and for autonomy in Northeast India, focus on the rights of tribes who claim to be indigenous In the Northeast the demand is to be considered the ‘original’ inhabitants of the region and, in the rest of India, it is the first inhabitants of India as a whole. Most conflicts today are around identity, central to which is indigenous status and tribal sustenance. Much resource has been alienated for ‘national development’ since independence in 1947. A national failure to recognise the importance of community-based sustenance facilitates its alienation. Intensified alienation, resulting from globalisation, causes more conflicts and greater state suppression. This article discusses the link between development and indigenous status, and implications for human rights.